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NAO CPP (Blue Books) Course 1 > Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Axial length of the Average eye

A

26.5 mm

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2
Q

Another word for eyelids

A

Palpebrae

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3
Q

Muscle that relaxes to allow the eyelid to droop or sag

A

Muller’s Muscle

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4
Q

Size of the average bony orbit in an adult

A

35mm x 40mm

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5
Q

Reflex tears are produced by ____ and are generally caused by ____

A

Lacrimal glands/stimulus such as coughing, sneezing, strong smells, emotions

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6
Q

Glands that produce basic tear secretion

A

Glands of Wolfring and Krause

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7
Q

The three layers of the tear film in order from outermost to innermost are:

A

Lipid, Aqueous, Mucin

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8
Q

The layer of the tear film that contains the nutrients and antibiotic properties is the:

A

Aqueous layer

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9
Q

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for prevention of evaporation is the:

A

Lipid layer

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10
Q

The layer of the tear film that is responsible for holding the tears on the cornea is the:

A

Mucin layer

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11
Q

The term for the collection of the thin film of tears on the lower lid margin is:

A

Tear lake/Tear prism/Tear meniscus

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12
Q

Term for eyelids turning outward

A

Ectropion

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13
Q

Term for eyelids turning inward

A

Entropion

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14
Q

Name of the mucous membrane that lines the lids and globe of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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15
Q

Goblet cells produce:

A

Mucous

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16
Q

Inflammation of the Conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

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17
Q

The outer tunic consists of the ___, ___, and additionally the ___ and is ___

A

sclera/cornea/limbus/fibrous

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18
Q

The five layers of the cornea from outermost to innermost

A

Epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, endothelium

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19
Q

The average power of the cornea

A

42-45 diopters

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20
Q

The cornea receives oxygen from:

A

Tears and blood vessels

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21
Q

Number of layers in the epithelium

A

5 to 7 cell layers

22
Q

Scar tissue will form if this layer of the cornea is damaged

A

Bowman’s layer

23
Q

If the eye is deprived of oxygen, this layer will lose more cells at a quicker pace and cause swelling of the eye

A

Endothelium

24
Q

The canal of Schlemm encircles the ___ region, where the aqueous drains in to the trabecular meshwork

A

Limbal

25
Q

The middle tunic is the ___ tunic and is located between the ___ and ___

A

Vascular/sclera/retina

26
Q

The ciliary body consists of the ___ and the ___

A

Ciliary muscle and ciliary process

27
Q

The anterior chamber is located ___

A

between the back surface of the cornea and the iris

28
Q

The posterior chamber is located ___

A

between the iris and the crystalline lens

29
Q

An inflammation of the iris is called:

A

Iritis

30
Q

A difference in pupil size is called:

A

anisocoria

31
Q

This muscle constricts to make the pupil smaller

A

Sphincter

32
Q

This muscle dilates to make the pupil larger

A

Dilator

33
Q

The inner tunic is the ___ and is the ___ tunic

A

retina/light sensitive

34
Q

The aqueous humor is produced by the:

A

Ciliary process

35
Q

If a patient experiences “floaters,” they are located here.

A

In the vitreous

36
Q

The absence of the crystalline lens is referred to as:

A

aphakia

37
Q

The amplitude of accommodation of the average person at birth.

A

15 diopters

38
Q

Loss of accommodation is called

A

Presbyopia

39
Q

The six extraocular muscles are:

A

Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

40
Q

Definite turning of the eye

A

tropia

41
Q

The cornea primarily receives the nutrients it requires from the:

A

tear film

42
Q

Primary purpose of the choroid

A

Supply nutrients to the retina

43
Q

Photopic vision is:

A

Using cones in lighted conditions

44
Q

Area of the retina that is responsible for finely detailed vision

A

Fovea

45
Q

The ora serrata is located:

A

Outer limits of the retina adjacent to the ciliary body

46
Q

The beginning of the optic nerve is located:

A

In the optic disk

47
Q

Approximate dioptric power of the eye (both cornea and lens)

A

60 diopters

48
Q

A drooping of the eyelid is called:

A

Ptsosis

49
Q

The surgical removal of a portion of the iris is called:

A

Iridectomy

50
Q

Night vision is chiefly a function of the:

A

Rods

NAO CPP (Blue Books) Course 1 (13 decks)

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