Anatomy And Physiology Of Lower Extremities

Question 1

Describe DEEP VEINS

Answer 1

• in “deep compartment”: deep w/in muscle, fascia, adjacent arteries, nerves and bone
• support high blood volume and pressure
• 90-95% of blood returned (in lower extremities) thru deep vein system

Question 2

Name DEEP VEINS IN THIGH

Answer 2

External iliac

Common femoral vein (CFV)

Question 3

Name DEEP VEINS IN KNEE:

Answer 3

Popliteal

Anterior tibial

Posterior tibial

Perponeal

Question 4

Explain calf muscle pump:

Answer 4

Strongest and greatest ability to eject blood.

Muscle (foot,calf, thigh) contractions push blood from lower extremities to heart.
- aided by valves throughout veins

Question 5

Define venous insufficiency

Answer 5

If valves in veins fail, blood accumulates (venous reflux)

Question 6

Describe the SUPERFICIAL VENUS SYSTEM

Answer 6

Close to skin (GSV and small saphenous vein SSV)

Located in superficial compartment, drains from skin thru perforated veins & into deep veins to heart

5-10% of blood uses this system

Question 7

Describe SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN (SSV)

Answer 7

In superficial Venus system

Starts at back of ankle near malleolus bone.

SAPHENOPOPITEAL JUNCTION is where SSV joins deep vein system @ back of knee.
Has 7-10 valves

Question 8

Explain tributary veins

Answer 8

Provide blood alternative paths

• primary veins
• superficial inguinal veins

Question 9

Explain perforated veins

Answer 9

• Connects superficial to deep system
• 64-150 veins
• each have 1 or more valves to prevent reflux into superficial

“Communicative Veins” link 1 branch to another.

Question 10

Describe imported perforated veins

Answer 10

Reticular or SPIDER veins:

• 3-4 mm in size
• red or blue
• lie parallel to and just below skin
• drain blood from skin to subcutaneous tissue into perforating veins, then to deep venous system

Question 11

Name parts of the venous system of the lower extremities:

Answer 11

1- deep veins
2- superficial veins
3- tributary veins
4- perforator veins
5- reticular veins 

*also calf pump & valves (one way)- forces blood toward heart and lungs