Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing

Question 1

external ear

Answer 1

includes auricle and external auditory canals
terminates at tympanic membrane

Question 2

middle ear

Answer 2

air filled space within petrous portion of temporal bone

Question 3

middle ear contains

Answer 3

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 4

inner ear

Answer 4

houses sensory organs for hearing and balance

Question 5

inner ear contains

Answer 5

semicircular canals
vestibule
cochlea

Question 6

balance

Answer 6

semicircular canals
vestibule

Question 7

hearing

Answer 7

cochlea

Question 8

auricle/pinna

Answer 8

made of elastic cartilage
collects sound waves and sends to external auditory canal

Question 9

external auditory canal

Answer 9

lined w/ hairs and ceruminous glands

Question 10

tympanic membrane

Answer 10

separate external ear from middle ear
transfer sound waves to middle ear

Question 11

3 auditory ossicles

Answer 11

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 12

two muscles of middle ear

Answer 12

tensor tympani
stapedius

Question 13

tensor tympani muscle

Answer 13

attached to malleus
innervated by trigeminal nerve

Question 14

stapedius muscle

Answer 14

attached to stapes
innervated by facial nerve

Question 15

function of 2 muscles

Answer 15

reflexively dampen excessively loud sounds

Question 16

auditory tubes

Answer 16

opens in pharynx and equalizes pressure between outside air and middle ear cavity

Question 17

bony labyrinth

Answer 17

tunnels and chambers inside temporal bone

Question 18

endosteum

Answer 18

layer of connective tissue that lines the internal surface of the bony labyrinth

Question 19

membranous labyrinth

Answer 19

inside bony labyrinth
smaller set of membranous tunnels and chambers

Question 20

3 regions of bony labyrinth

Answer 20

vestibule
semicircular canals
cochlea

Question 21

3 regions of membranous labyrinth

Answer 21

scala vestibuli
scala media
scala tympani

Question 22

scala vestibuli

Answer 22

extends from oval window to helicotrema
perilymph

Question 23

scala media

Answer 23

between Scala vestibule and Scala tympani
endolymph

Question 24

scala tympani

Answer 24

extends from helicotrema to round window
perilymph

Question 25

vestibular membrane

Answer 25

wall between Scala vestibule and Scala media

Question 26

basilar membrane

Answer 26

wall between Scala media and Scala tympani

Question 27

spiral of organ/organ of corti

Answer 27

houses sensory cells for hearing

Question 28

hair cells

Answer 28

sensory cells for hearing have synapses w/ sensory neurons that join to form cochlear nerve

Question 29

cochlear nerves

Answer 29

joins vestibular nerve to form vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 30

speed of sound

Answer 30

332 m/s

Question 31

amplified vibrations in perilymph

Answer 31

more force is required to cause vibration in a liquid

Question 32

mechanical force of vibration

Answer 32

amplified about 20-fold passing from tympanic membrane

Question 33

sound attenuation reflex

Answer 33

muscles reflexively dampen excessively loud noises to protect delicate ear structures

Question 34

Sound attenuation reflex responds most to?

Answer 34

low frequency sounds

Question 35

facial nerve and stapedius muscle

Answer 35

primarily involved in sound attenuation reflex

Question 36

trigeminal nerve and tensor tympani

Answer 36

stimulated by extremely loud noise

Question 37

higher pitched tones

Answer 37

optimal vibrations near base of cochlea

Question 38

lower pitched tones

Answer 38

optimal vibrations near apex of cochlea