Anatomy and physiology concepts related to cardiopulmonary physiotherapy Flashcards
What are the four processes of ventilation? 4
Respiration involves four processes:
- Ventilation: Air moving into and out of the lungs from the atmosphere
- Gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries (external respiration)
- Gas transport - oxygen and carbon dioxide transports
- Gas exchange between blood and the tissue cells (internal respiration)
What is ventilation?
Ventilation - movement of air into and out of the lungs.
What is external respiration?
External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange) – diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries and/or carbon dioxide from capillaries to alveoli
What is ventilation influenced by? 5
Ventilation is influenced by the following:
- Respiratory muscles strength
- Pressure-gradients
- Resistance of airflow in airways and tissue movement
- Compliance of the lung tissue
- Compliance of chest wall
What is intrapulmonary pressure?
Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) or intra-alveolar pressure is the pressure within the alveoli.
What is intrapleural pressure
Intrapleural pressure (Pip) is the pressure within the pleural cavity.
What is transpulmonary pressure?
Transpulmonary pressure gradient is the difference
between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural
pressure
What is airway resistance?
Airway resistance speaks to the resistance to airflow
during inspiration and expiration.
The amount of airway resistance is dependant on?
The amount of resistance is dependent on the calibre of
the airway e.g. the smaller the airway the greater the
resistance.
What is compliance?
Compliance refers to the distensibility (ability to
stretch) of a structure.
What is the distensibility of the lungs called?
The distensibility of the lungs are called ‘lung
compliance’.
What is The distensibility of the chest wall is called?
The distensibility of the chest wall is called ‘chest wall
compliance’.