Anatomy and physiology concepts related to cardiopulmonary physiotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four processes of ventilation? 4

A

Respiration involves four processes:

  1. Ventilation: Air moving into and out of the lungs from the atmosphere
  2. Gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries (external respiration)
  3. Gas transport - oxygen and carbon dioxide transports
  4. Gas exchange between blood and the tissue cells (internal respiration)
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2
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Ventilation - movement of air into and out of the lungs.

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3
Q

What is external respiration?

A

External respiration (pulmonary gas exchange) – diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries and/or carbon dioxide from capillaries to alveoli

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4
Q

What is ventilation influenced by? 5

A

Ventilation is influenced by the following:

  1. Respiratory muscles strength
  2. Pressure-gradients
  3. Resistance of airflow in airways and tissue movement
  4. Compliance of the lung tissue
  5. Compliance of chest wall
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5
Q

What is intrapulmonary pressure?

A
Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) or intra-alveolar
pressure is the pressure within the alveoli.
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6
Q

What is intrapleural pressure

A
Intrapleural pressure (Pip) is the pressure within the
pleural cavity.
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7
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

Transpulmonary pressure gradient is the difference
between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural
pressure

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8
Q

What is airway resistance?

A

Airway resistance speaks to the resistance to airflow
during inspiration and expiration.

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9
Q

The amount of airway resistance is dependant on?

A

The amount of resistance is dependent on the calibre of
the airway e.g. the smaller the airway the greater the
resistance.

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10
Q

What is compliance?

A

Compliance refers to the distensibility (ability to
stretch) of a structure.

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11
Q

What is the distensibility of the lungs called?

A

The distensibility of the lungs are called ‘lung
compliance’.

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12
Q

What is The distensibility of the chest wall is called?

A

The distensibility of the chest wall is called ‘chest wall
compliance’.

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13
Q
A
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