Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The science that deals with the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other.
What is physiology?
The science that deals with the function of the living body and its parts
The skin
Largest single organ in the body
What are the three major functions of the skin?
Protects the body from the environment
Regulates the temperature of the body
Transmits information from the environment to the brain
What are the Layers of the skin/ what are they for?
Epidermis: Composed of several layers of cells
Dermis: Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, oil and sweat glands
Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) : composed largely of fat, serves as an insulator, serves as a reservoir to store energy
How many bones are in the body?
206
What does the skeletal system do?
Provides a framework for attachment of muscles. Allows motion of the bod. Protects vital internal organs
What are the two main categories of the skeletal system?
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
How many bones are in the skull?
22 Bones
14 facial
8 cranial
What are the bones in the spinal column
Cervical (7) Thoratic (12) Lumbar (5 Bones) Sacrum (5 fused bones) Coccyx (4 Fused Bones)
Ribs
Encases and protects organs and structures within the chest
Bones in ribs
12 Pairs/ 24 bones
1-7 True ribs
8-12 False Ribs
10-12 floating ribs
How many bones in the spine?
33
What does Appendicular Skeleton consist of
The upper extremities
The pelvis
The lower extremities
% of bones are made up of what?
Dense tissue composed of a calcium-phosphorus mineral (65%)
Organic matter and water (35%)
What are the 3 kinds of muscles? What are they for?
Skeletal muscle: Voluntary muscles. Supplied with arteries, veins, capillaries
Cardia Muscle: Heart
Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle. Carries the automatic work of the body. Found in the wall of tubular structures. Contract and relax
What is the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
What is the Heart?
Pump, the size of an adult fist.
Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.
What are the 3 layers of pumps in the heart?
Epicardium (Outer layer)
Myocardium (Muscle)
Endocardium (Inner Layer)
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricle
What are the 3 Blood Vessels?
Arteries: carrying blood away from the heart
Veins: Carrying blood to the heart
Capillaries: Smallest between arteries and veins
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system enables us to communicate (sensory function) with and react (motor function) to the environment and perform life activities
What are the three divisions of the Nervous system?
Central Nervous System: Nerve impulse/ analyze sensory data
The peripheral nervous system: Carries impulses to and from the body’s many structures
The autonomic nervous system: Fight or flight: Regulating and coordinating the functions of vital structures (BP, HR, RR, Pupil dilation)
What are the parts of the brain?
Cerebrum: grey matter, largest part of the brain, coordinates the processes of thinking and learning and the sensory activities.
Cerebellum (little Brain): Coordinates our voluntary muscle movement
Medulla: Regulator of respiration, circulation, and digestion
Meninges:(protective membranes) :
What are the different meninges?
Dura Mater Subdural Arachnoid Subarachnoid Pia Matter
What is the endocrine system?
Responsible for producing chemicals known as hormones
What are the glands in the endocrine system?
Sexual Urges, violence, anger, Fear, Joy, Sorrow
What is the digestive system?
The function of the digestive system is to change food into substances suitable for absorption throughout the body
What is the stomach
Located In the left upper quadrant
Hollow
J shaped enlargement of the gi track directly under the diaphrram
Small Intestine
Located in all 4 Quadrants
Hollow Organ
Large Intestine
Located in all 4 quadrants
Hollow
Completion of absorption of excess water as unused food is converting into feces
Liver
Right upper quadrant
Solid organ
Filters blood
What does the liver store?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Pancreas
Located mostly in the left upper quadrant Solid organ Consists of head/body. tail Secretes insulin Regulates metabolism of glucose
Gallbladder
Located in upper right quadrant
Hollow Organ
Stores Bile until needed for the digestion of fatty foods
The Female reproductive system
Ovaries are the egg producing organ
They produce hormones which affect the other female organs and function during gestation
The Male reproductive system
The testes are a pair of organs that produce the sperm
Hormones of the testes affect the male organs and the development of male adult characteristics
What is the excretory system
Urinary system
function is to remove wastes from the body that were produced by metabolism
What is the eye
The sense of sight is a response of the brain to light stimuli which are received by the eye
What is the ear?
The sense of hearing is the response of the brain to sound stimuli which is received by the ear
