Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

The study of how much the body functions

Question 2

Anatomical position

Answer 2

A common visual reference

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

Divides the body into left and right halves

Question 4

Midsagittal plane

Answer 4

Sagittal plane divided into equal left and right sides of the body

Question 5

Transverse plane (also called the horizontal plane)

Answer 5

Plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections

Question 6

Frontal plane

Answer 6

Plane that divides the body into front and back sections

Question 7

Dorsal cavity

Answer 7

Posterior portion of the body that contains the spinal canal and cranial cavity

Question 8

Spinal cavity

Answer 8

Also known as vertebral canal, is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

Question 9

Cranial cavity

Answer 9

Large space inside the skull that contains the brain (anterior)

Question 10

Ventral cavity

Answer 10

Anterior portion of the body that contains the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity

Question 11

Thoracic cavity

Answer 11

Also known as the chest cavity, it contains the lungs, the heart, and all accessory parts needed for their functioning

Question 12

Abdominal cavity

Answer 12

Includes most of the digestive tract and support organs necessary for the digestive process

Question 13

Pelvic cavity

Answer 13

The lower portion of the abdominal cavity contains the urinary, bladder, rectum, and reproductive system

Question 14

Anterior

Answer 14

In front of; in the front of the body or body section (Example: the nose is anterior to the ear.)

Question 15

Ventral

Answer 15

On the front (ex: the knees are in the central surface of the body )

Question 16

Posterior

Answer 16

In back or behind; in the back of the body or body section (ex: the ear is posterior to the mouth)

Question 17

Dorsal

Answer 17

On the back (ex: the dorsal fin on a dolphin is a fin on its back)

Question 18

Medial

Answer 18

Toward the midline of the body; the medial is closest to the midline (ex: the medial divides the body into right and left halves)

Question 19

Mesial

Answer 19

Toward the midline of the body (primarily used in dentistry. Ex: the mesial surface of the tooth is the surface that faces the midline)

Question 20

Lateral

Answer 20

Towards the outside or away from the midline that divides the body (ex: the arm is on the lateral surface of the body)

Question 21

Distal

Answer 21

Away from the midline of the body or body section (ex: the hand is the distal portion of the body)

Question 22

Proximal

Answer 22

Refers to the part of the body closest to the point of attachment (ex: the shoulders are the proximal surface of the arm)

Question 23

Inferior

Answer 23

Below or under (ex: the feet are inferior to the knees)

Question 24

Superior

Answer 24

Above or higher (ex: the head is superior to the shoulders)

Question 25

Cell

Answer 25

The basic unit of all systems and the smallest functioning unit of the body

Question 26

Cell membrane

Answer 26

The outer wall of the cell

Question 27

Nucleus

Answer 27

The controlling body of the cell

Question 28

Cytoplasm

Answer 28

Comprises all the substance of a cell except the nucleus

Question 29

Chromosomes

Answer 29

In the nucleus and contain DNA, which transmits genetic information

Question 30

Tissues

Answer 30

Consists of specialized groups of cells

Question 31

Organs

Answer 31

Formed by tissues that are grouped together

Question 32

Systems

Answer 32

Tissues and organs unite to form systems

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

Cells, tissues, organs, and systems all functioning together to maintain harmony in the body

Question 34

Anatomy

Answer 34

The study of the body structure