Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What are the Anterior Pituitary Hormones?
- FLAT PiG
- FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, GH
Which Anterior Pituitary Hormones are Basophilic?
- B-FLAT
- Basophils-FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
Hormones produced by posterior pituitary and where they are made vs stored?
Vasopressin (ADH) and Oxytocin
- Made in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary.
What is the post pit derived from vs the ant pit?
Neuroectoderm vs Oral ectoderm (Rathke’s Pouch)
Most common adrenal medulla tumor in adults vs children? How do you tell the difference on exam?
- Adults=Pheochromocytoma
- Kids=Neuroblastoma
- Pheochromocytoma causes episodic hypertension while the neuroblastoma does not.
Which insulin receptor do you find in RBCs and the brain?
GLUT-1 (insulin independent)
Which insulin receptor do you find in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle?
GLUT-4 (insulin dependent)
Which insulin receptor do you find in Beta islet cells, liver, kidney, and small intestine?
GLUT-2 (bidirectional)
Effects of Insulin
Increase glucose transport, increase glycogen synthesis/storage, increase triglyceride synthesis/storage, increase sodium retention, increase protein synthesis in muscles, increase cellular uptake of potassium and aa’s, decrease glucagon release.
What increases insulin release?
Hyperglycemia, GH and Beta2 antagonists
What decreases insulin?
Hypoglycemia, somatostatin, and alpha2 agonists
TRH Stimulates
TSH and Prolactin
Dopamine inhibits
Prolactin
CRH Stimulates
ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Beta endorphin
Somatostatin inhibits
GH, TSH, Insulin, Glucagon
GnRH stimulates
FSH, LH
Prolactin Inhibits
- GnRH which inhibits LH and FSH leading to inhibited ovulation in Females and spermatogenesis in males.
- Also inhibits itself by stimulating dopamine synthesis and secretion from hypothalamus.
Hormone Signaling Pathway that uses cAMP
- FLAT ChAMP
- FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (V2 receptor), MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon.
Hormone Signaling Pathway Using cGMP
- Think Vasodilators
- ANP, NO (EDRF)
Hormone Signaling Pathway Using IP3
- GGOAT
- GnRH, GHRH, Oxytocin, ADH (V1 receptor), TRH, histamine (H1), angiotensin II, gastrin
Hormone Signaling Pathway Using Steroid Receptor
- VETTT CAP
- Vitamin D, Estrogen, Testosterone, T3/T4,
- Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progresterone
Hormone Signaling Pathway Using Intrinsic Tyrosine kinase
- MAP kinase pathway, think Growth Factors
- Insulin IGF1, FGF, PDGF, EGF
Hormone Signaling Pathway Using Receptor-associated Tyrosine Kinase
- JAK/STAT pathway, Think Acidophiles and cytokines (PIG)
- Prolactin, Immunomodulators (IL2, IL6, IL8, IFN), GH
Functions of T3 - 4 Bs
Bone Maturation, Bone Growth, Beta-adrenergic Effects, Basal Metabolic Rate (Increased)
