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24-25 1st Semester Exam Review > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Body is standing erect, facing directly forward, feet pointed forward and apart, arms hanging down at the sides, palms facing forward

A

Anatomical Position

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2
Q

A state of balance(equilibrium) among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

The body maintains homeostasis by using…

A

Chemical, Heat, and Pressure

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4
Q

Which component of the homeostatic control mechanisms? Change occurs in internal environment

A

Stimulus

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5
Q

Which component of the homeostatic control mechanisms? Recieve signals and send to control center

A

Receptors

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6
Q

Which component of the homeostatic control mechanisms? Change is compared to the set point

A

Control Center (set point)

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7
Q

Which component of the homeostatic control mechanisms? Respond to the commands of the control center

A

Effectors (muscles or glands)

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8
Q

Which component of the homeostatic control mechanisms? The change is corrected

A

Response

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9
Q

When the response causes the initial stimulus to decline, the homeostatic mechanism is a?

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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10
Q

When the response enhances the initial stimulus, the homeostatic mechanism is a?

A

Positive feedback mechanism

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11
Q

In anatomical position: the face and palmars are on the _______ body surface

A

Anterior

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12
Q

In anatomical position: The scapular and gluteal regions are on the _____ body surface, marking the top of the head is the most superior part the the body

A

Posterior

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13
Q

In anatomical position: The ears are _______ to the shoulders and lateral to the nose

A

Superior

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14
Q

In anatomical position: The heart is _______ to the spine

A

Anterioir

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15
Q

In anatomical position: The body cut into left and right is called?

A

Sagittal

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16
Q

In anatomical position: The body cut into front portion and back portion is called?

A

Frontal (coronal)

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17
Q

In anatomical position: The body cut into top half and back half is called?

A

Ventral

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18
Q

The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the ______ body cavity

A

Dorsal

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19
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Trachea rings

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20
Q

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

A

Trachea and upper respiratory tract

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21
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Alveoli of the lungs and in blood vessels

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22
Q

These are functions of what system? Protection, eliminating waste, maintaining body temperature, response to touch sensation, absorption, produces vitamin D, stores energy and fat

A

Integumentary system

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23
Q

What layer of skin? Protective barrier and contributes to skin tone

A

Epidermis

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24
Q

What layer of skin? Support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation and aid in sensation

A

Dermis

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25
What layer of skin? Storing energy, connecting dermis layer to muscles and bones, insulating your body
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
26
Which skin structure? Causes hair to stand up and goosebumps to form
Arrector pili muscles
27
Which skin structure? Oily substance that protects skin from drying out
Sebaceous gland
28
Which skin structure? Sweat glands that regulate body temperature
Sudoriferous gland
29
Which skin structure? Mechanical protection for skin and increase sensory function
Hair (shaft, root, follicle)
30
Which skin structure? Provide nutrients, to skin and regulate body temperature
Arteries and veins
31
How is basal cell carcinoma caused?
When a mutation in the DNA is developed
32
How is squamous cell carcinoma caused?
Too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight
33
How is malignant melanoma caused?
Exposure to ultraviolet light from sunlight or tanning lamps
34
What layer(s) of skin is affected by 1st degree burn?
Epidermis
35
What layer(s) of skin is affected by 2nd degree burn?
Epidermis and part of dermis
36
What layer(s) of skin is affected by 3rd degree burn?
Epidermis and dermis, and subcutaneous
37
Inflammation of meninges usually caused by bacterial or viral infection of cerebrospinal fluid
Meningitis
38
Tremors of hands, slowed movements, and muscle rigidity due to a deficient amount of dopamine in the brain
Parkinson's disease
39
Cause is unknown but leads to a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior
Alzheimer's disease
40
Connects neurons so that they can communicate
Axon
41
Allows neuron to pass electrical/chemical signals
Synapse
42
Recieve information from other neurons
Dendrites
43
Controls and regulates activities of the cell
Nucleus
44
Transmit messages to other cells
Axon terminal
45
Store the organelles of the cell and regulate production of proteins and lipids
Cell body
46
Allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly
Myelin sheath
47
Anchor neurons to blood capillaries in the central nervous system
Astrocytes
48
Structural support and phagocytosis for immune protection in the central nervous system
Microglia
49
Line the cavities of the brain and assist in the blood-brain barrier which allows water, gasses, anesthetics, and alcohol to pass through but prevents waste such as urea, and bacteria from getting through
Ependymal cells
50
Form myelin sheaths in the brain and the spinal cord to speed neurotransmission
Oligodendrocytes
51
Wrap tightly around axons of the peripheral neurons to help speed neurotransmission
Schwann Cells
52
Support the peripheral neurons cell bodies to provide support and protection
Satellite Cells
53
Which part of the brain processes sight?
Occipital Lobe
54
Which part of the brain regulates vital functions, like heartbeat and breathing?
Midbrain
55
Which part of the brain processes hearing and memory retrieval?
Temporal Lobe
56
Which part of the brain contains complex thinking, like reasoning, planning, logic and emotional response
Frontal Lobe
57
Which part of the brain coordinates balance, involuntary coordination and fine movements
Cerebellum
58
Which part of the brain integrates sensory information including touch and taste?
Parietal Lobe
59
What system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
60
What system includes the cranial and spinal nerves?
Peripheral nervous system
61
What transmits info collected from the body?
Sensory(afferent) nerves
62
What carries impulses from CNS to effector organs?
Motor(efferent) nerves
63
What allows voluntary control of skeletal muscles?
Somatic nervous system
64
What regulates involuntary events such as breathing, smooth and cardiac muscle and glands?
Autonomic nervous system
65
What is the sympathetic system?
"Fight or flight system"
66
What is the parasympathetic system?
"resting and digesting system"
67
Main function of intervertebral discs?
Absorb shock and allow the spine to be flexible
68
Purpose of epiphyseal plate?
Responsible for longitudinal growth of long bones
69
Lateral or sideways bend in the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region
Scoliosis
70
Disorder caused by the lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate ; causes softening or weakening of the bones
Rickets
71
Loss of bone density = thin, porous bones and are usually easily broken
Osteoporosis
72
Basic unit of structure and function of a muscle cell/fiber
Sarcomere
73
Is skeletal voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
74
Is smooth voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
75
Is cardiac voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
76
What's the role of acetylcholine in a muscle contraction?
Stimulates contraction of a skeletal muscle
77
Movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones close together
Flexion
78
Movement that increases the angle or distance between two bones or parts of the body
Extension
79
Movement of a limb away from the midline, or median plane, of the body
Abduction
80
Movement of a limb towards the midline, or median plane, of the body
Adduction
81
Movement of the bone around its longitudinal axis (ball and socket joint)
Rotation
82
Combination movement of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Circumduction
83

24-25 1st Semester Exam Review (2 decks)

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