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Introduction ANAPHY > ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the
structure and
shape of the
body and its
parts

A

Human Anatomy

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2
Q

–Large
structures
–Easily
observable

A

Gross anatomy

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3
Q

–Structures are
too small to be
seen with the
naked eye

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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4
Q

–Structures are
too small to be
seen with the
naked eye

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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5
Q

– Cells and
tissues can be
viewed only
with a
microscope

A

Microscopic anatomy

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6
Q

– Cells and
tissues can be
viewed only
with a
microscope

A

Microscopic anatomy

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7
Q

The science of the function of the most
wondrous of all structure
- the human body

A

Human Physiology

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8
Q

What are the 10 characteristics in life

A

1.movement
2. responsiveness
3. Growth
4. Reproduction
5. Respiration
6.digestion
7. Absorption
8. Circulation
9. Assimilation
10. Excretion

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9
Q

Removal of wastes

A

Excretion

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10
Q

Changing absorbed substances into
chemically different substances

A

Assimilation

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11
Q

Movement of substances throughout
the body

A

Circulation

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12
Q

Passage of digested products (food)
through membranes and into body
fluids

A

Absorption

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13
Q

Chemically changing (breaking down)
food

A

Digestion

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14
Q

Obtaining oxygen (O2)

A

Respiration

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15
Q

DNA passed from parents to offspring

A

Reproduction

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16
Q

Increase in body size

A

Growth

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17
Q

Ability to sense changes and react

A

Responsiveness

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18
Q

Self initiated change in position, motion
of internal parts

A

Movement

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19
Q

The body is a large structural unit
made up of many millions of smaller
parts of four kinds and what arre those 4 kinds?

A

A. Cells
B. Tissue
C. Organ
D. System

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20
Q

Smallest units that can maintain life
and reproduce themselves
Average-sized adult body consists of
100, 000, 000, 000, 000

A

Cells

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21
Q

Organizations of many similar cells with non-living intercellular substances between them

A

Tissues

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22
Q

An organization of several different kinds of tissues so Arranged that together they can perform a special function

A

Organ

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23
Q

An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs So arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body

A

System

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24
Q

How many levels of structural organization and what are those?

A

6 level and these are:
1. atoms
2. Cells
3. Tissues
4. Organ
5. Organ systems
6. Organisms

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25
Q

How many major systems in the human body and what are those

A

9 and these are:
1. Skeletal system
2. Muscular
3. Respiratory
4.circulatory
5. Digestive
6. Nervous
7. Urinary
8. Endocrine
9. Reproductive

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26
Q

house the
numerous internal organs (viscera) of
the body

A

Ventral and dorsal cavities

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27
Q

Right pleural cavity contains right lung;
left pleural cavity contains left lung

A

❖Pleural cavities

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28
Q

Thoracic (Chest) Cavity

A

Ventral Cavity

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29
Q

Midportion of the thoracic cavity

A

❖Mediastinum

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30
Q

Completely separated from pleural
cavities by fibrous tissue wall

A

❖Mediastinum

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31
Q

❖Mediastinum contains?

A

⮚heart
⮚trachea and bronchi
⮚esophagus and thymus
⮚various blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

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32
Q

Abdominal portion:

A

❖Abdominopelvic Cavity

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33
Q

❖Abdominopelvic Cavity contains?

A

⮚liver
⮚gallbladder
⮚stomach
⮚pancreas
⮚intestines
⮚spleen
⮚kidneys and ureter

34
Q

Contains:
⮚bladder
⮚certain reproductive organs
⮚part of large intestine

A

Pelvic portion

35
Q

❖Cranial cavity

A

Dorsal Cavity

36
Q

Contains brain

A

Cranial cavity

37
Q

Contains spinal cord

A

❖Spinal Cavity

38
Q

is a vital structural
characteristic of body and all its parts

A

Organization

39
Q

change gradually over years

A

Body structure

40
Q

is a large structural unit
made up of many millions of smaller
parts of four kinds

A

The body

41
Q

Toward the head
end of the body
(upper)

A

Superior or Cranial

42
Q

Away from the
head
• Lower

A

Inferior or caudal

43
Q

Front

A

Anterior or Ventral

44
Q

Back

A

Posterior or Dorsal

45
Q

Back

A

Posterior or Dorsal

46
Q

Toward the midline of the body

A

Medial or mesial

47
Q

Away from the midline

A

Lateral

48
Q

Toward or
nearest the trunk
or the point of origin of a part

A

Proximal

49
Q

Away from or
farthest from the
trunk or the point
of origin of a part

A

Distal

50
Q

A lengthwise
plane running
from front to
back

A

Sagittal

51
Q

It divides the
body or any
parts into
right and left
sides

A

Sagittal

52
Q

Sagittal plane through midline
• Divides the body or any parts into right and left halves

A

Median

53
Q

Lengthwise
• Dividing body or any parts into anterior and posterior portion

A

Frontal or
Coronal

54
Q

Crosswise
• Dividing body or any of its parts into upper and lower sections

A

Transverse or Horizontal

55
Q

Abdomen is divided into

A

9 imaginary
regions

56
Q

Memorize the regions and quadrant of the abdominal region

A

Hypochondriac
Lumbar umbilical
Iliac
Hypogastric
Epigastric

Quadrants

57
Q

An erect
position of the body, which arms at sides, and palms turned forward (supinated)

A

Anatomical
Position

58
Q

is the body’s most important
business

A

Survival

59
Q

What are the two types of survival?

A

Survival of itself and survival of the
human species

60
Q

Survival depends upon the ______ of its internal environment

A

body’s maintaining or restoring homeostasis

61
Q

Greek word of homeostasis

A

homoios “the same
Stasis “standing

62
Q

Main controlling systems of homeostasis

A

1– Nervous system
–Endocrine system

63
Q

maintenance of relatively
stable internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

64
Q

A dynamic state of equilibrium, or
balance

A

Homeostasis

65
Q

A dynamic state of equilibrium, or
balance
A dynamic state of equilibrium, or
balance

A

Homeostasis

66
Q

A disturbance in homeostasis results
in disease

A

Homeostatic imbalance

67
Q

All homeostatic control mechanisms
have at least three components:

A

receptor, control center, and effector

68
Q

Responds to changes in the
environment (stimuli)

A

Receptor

69
Q

Sends information to control center
along an afferent pathway

A

Receptor

70
Q

Determines set point
– Analyzes information
– Determines appropriate response

A

Control center

71
Q

–Provides a means for response to the
stimulus

A

Effector

72
Q

Information flows from control center
to effector along efferent pathway

A

Effector

73
Q

– Includes most homeostatic control
mechanisms
–Shuts off the original stimulus or
reduces its intensity
–Works like a household thermostat

A

Negative feedback

74
Q

Rare in the human body
– Increases the original stimulus to
push the variable farther
– Reaction occurs at a faster rate
– In the body, positive feedback occurs
in blood clotting and during the birth
of a baby

A

Positive feedback

75
Q

Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther

A

Positive feedback

76
Q

Reaction occurs at a faster rate

A

Positive feedback

77
Q

Occurs in blood clotting and during the birth of a baby

A

Positive feedback

78
Q

Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms

A

Negative feedback

79
Q

Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity

A

Negative feedback

80
Q

Works like a household thermostat

A

Negative feedback

81
Q

Analyzes information

A

Control center

82
Q

Determines appropriate response

A

Control center

Introduction ANAPHY (2 decks)

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