Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

three types of cartilage tissue in the body:

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
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2
Q
  • look like frosted glass when freshly
    exposed
  • provide support with flexibility and
    resilience
A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

cover the ends of most bones at movable joints

A

Articular cartilages

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4
Q

connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)

A

Costal cartilages

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5
Q

which form the skeleton of the larynx (voicebox) and reinforce other respiratory passageways

A

Respiratory cartilages

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6
Q

support the external nose

A

Nasal cartilages

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7
Q

the external ear or can be found in the ear

A

Elastic cartilage

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8
Q

the flap that bends to cover the opening
of the larynx each time we swallow

A

the epiglottis

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9
Q

highly compressible with great tensile strength

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

cartilage-forming cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of the existing cartilage tissue

A

appositional growth

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11
Q

the lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within.

A

interstitial growth

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12
Q

forms the long axis of the body and
includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

A

Axial skeleton

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13
Q

consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones)

A

Appendicular skeleton

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14
Q

longer than they are wide(shape of bone)

A

Long bones

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15
Q

roughly cube shaped; almost as wide as they are long(shape of bone)

A

Short bones

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16
Q

thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved(shape of bone)

A

Flat bones

17
Q

have complicated shapes(shape of bone)

A

Irregular bones

18
Q

branch and isolate a small piece of bone(shape of bone)

A

Sutural bones

19
Q

small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces(shape of bone)

A

Sesamoid bones

20
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  1. Support.
  2. Protection.
  3. Movement.
  4. Mineral and growth factor storage.
  5. Blood cell formation.
  6. Triglyceride (fat) storage.
  7. Hormone production.
    (any of these answers)
21
Q

external layer

A

compact bone

22
Q

internal layer made up of honeycomb of
small needle-like or flat pieces

A

spongey bone

23
Q

internal layer made up of honeycomb of
small needle-like or flat pieces called ____________

A

trabeculae

24
Q

the shaft of a bone

A

Diaphysis

25
Q

the bone ends

A

Epiphysis

26
Q

a glistening white, double-layered membrane, covers
the external surface except joints

A

Periosteum

27
Q

covers internal bone surfaces

A

Endosteum

28
Q

within the trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long bones and flat bones

A

red marrow

29
Q

the (fats) in the medullary cavity

A

yellow marrow

30
Q

stem cell

A

Osteogenic cell

31
Q

Matrix-synthesizing cell responsible for bone growth

A

Osteoblasts

32
Q

Mature bone cell that monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

33
Q

Bone-resorbing cell

A

Osteoclast