Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

three types of cartilage tissue in the body:

Answer 1

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 2

• look like frosted glass when freshly
  exposed
• provide support with flexibility and
  resilience

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

cover the ends of most bones at movable joints

Answer 3

Articular cartilages

Question 4

connect the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)

Answer 4

Costal cartilages

Question 5

which form the skeleton of the larynx (voicebox) and reinforce other respiratory passageways

Answer 5

Respiratory cartilages

Question 6

support the external nose

Answer 6

Nasal cartilages

Question 7

the external ear or can be found in the ear

Answer 7

Elastic cartilage

Question 8

the flap that bends to cover the opening
of the larynx each time we swallow

Answer 8

the epiglottis

Question 9

highly compressible with great tensile strength

Answer 9

Fibrocartilage

Question 10

cartilage-forming cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of the existing cartilage tissue

Answer 10

appositional growth

Question 11

the lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within.

Answer 11

interstitial growth

Question 12

forms the long axis of the body and
includes the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Answer 12

Axial skeleton

Question 13

consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones)

Answer 13

Appendicular skeleton

Question 14

longer than they are wide(shape of bone)

Answer 14

Long bones

Question 15

roughly cube shaped; almost as wide as they are long(shape of bone)

Answer 15

Short bones

Question 16

thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved(shape of bone)

Answer 16

Flat bones

Question 17

have complicated shapes(shape of bone)

Answer 17

Irregular bones

Question 18

branch and isolate a small piece of bone(shape of bone)

Answer 18

Sutural bones

Question 19

small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces(shape of bone)

Answer 19

Sesamoid bones

Question 20

Functions of Bones

Answer 20

1. Support.
2. Protection.
3. Movement.
4. Mineral and growth factor storage.
5. Blood cell formation.
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage.
7. Hormone production.
   (any of these answers)

Question 21

external layer

Answer 21

compact bone

Question 22

internal layer made up of honeycomb of
small needle-like or flat pieces

Answer 22

spongey bone

Question 23

internal layer made up of honeycomb of
small needle-like or flat pieces called ____________

Answer 23

trabeculae

Question 24

the shaft of a bone

Answer 24

Diaphysis

Question 25

the bone ends

Answer 25

Epiphysis

Question 26

a glistening white, double-layered membrane, covers the external surface except joints

Answer 26

Periosteum

Question 27

covers internal bone surfaces

Answer 27

Endosteum

Question 28

within the trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long bones and flat bones

Answer 28

red marrow

Question 29

the (fats) in the medullary cavity

Answer 29

yellow marrow

Question 30

stem cell

Answer 30

Osteogenic cell

Question 31

Matrix-synthesizing cell responsible for bone growth

Answer 31

Osteoblasts

Question 32

Mature bone cell that monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

Answer 32

Osteocytes

Question 33

Bone-resorbing cell

Answer 33

Osteoclast