Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
What is anatomy
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and what it is made of- ex bones muscles and skin
What is physiology
The study of how the human body works
What is the body composed of and how is it organized?
It is composed of living cells and extracellular materials. It is organized into tissues, organs and systems
What are the 4 different tissues of the human body?
Epithelial tissues
muscle tissues
nerve tissues
connective tissues
What are some examples of connective tissue?
Bone cartilage, ligament, tendon, fascia (which separates muscles), and fat tissue
What are the 6 most important organs in the body?
Brain, heart, kidney, liver lungs, stomach and intestines
What are the structures involved in the respiratory system and how does this system work
Nasal passage, trachea, and the lungs. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the environment to be used throughout the body
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Is responsible for the transport of materials through the body
What are the substances the body’s blood contains and distributes to tissues?
Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
What are the main arteries that supply blood to the arm and hand?
Ulnar artery and radial artery
What is the main artery that supplies the legs with blood?
Popliteal artery
What is the artery that supplies the foot with blood
Anterior tibial artery
What are the most important functions of the lymphatic system?
Important functions of the lymphatic system is to remove damaged cells from the body and to provide protection against the spread of infection and cancer
What is the function of the digestive system?
The digestive system takes food and processes it to obtain useful nutrients that the body can use for fuel
What is the function of the urinary system and what are the main organs for this system?
The urinary system extracts and excretes dissolved waste products from the blood. This is composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
What is the function of the nervous system?
The nervous system allows sense and respond to stimuli such and light, sound, smell and touch from the environment
What are the 4 important nerves of the arms and hand?
Ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
digital nerve
What are the 7 most important nerves of the legs and foot?
Tibial nerve
common peroneal nerve
deep peroneal nerve
superficial peroneal nerve
saphenous nerve
aural nerve
dorsal nerve
What is the function of the endocrine system?
Creates chemical signals that allow body systems to respond to environmental changes and to one another
What is the integumentary system composed of?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat and other glands that secrete substances onto the skin
What are the most important functions of the integumentary system?
Barrier function, thermoregulation, excretion, sensation
How many bones is the skeleton composed of?
206
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
The functions of the skeletal system are: give shape and support the body, protect various internal structures and organs, serve as attachments for muscles and act as levers to produce body movements, produce various blood cells in the red bone marrow and store minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and sodium
Explain cartilage and ligaments
Cartilage: a tough elastic substance similar to bone but has no mineral content
Ligaments: are bands or sheets of fibrous tissue that support and connect the bones and joints
Name the 7 bones of the arm and hand
Scapula
clavicle
humerus
ulna
radius
carpus
metacarpals
digits
Name the four bones of the leg and foot
Femur, tibia, fibula, patella
Name the function of the muscular system
The muscular system covers, shapes and supports the skeleton. It’s function is to produce all movement of the body
Explain the 3 types of muscles
Voluntary muscles: face arm leg
Involuntary muscles: intestines, stomach
Cardiac muscle: heart muscle
What are the four main muscles of the forearm
Pronator
supinator
flexor
extensor
What are the muscles of the hand
Abductors, adductors
What are the 6 muscles of the lower leg and foot
Extensor digitorum longus,
2. Tibialis anterior,
3. Peroneus longus,
4. Peroneus brevis,
5. Gastrocnemius,
6. Soleus.
What are the 3 categories of bones that form the foot
Tarsal bones
Metatarsal bones
Phalanges
