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AIRWAY MANAGEMENT > ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The passageways b/w the ambient environment and the gas exchange units of the lungs

A

Conducting airways

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2
Q

the Conducting airways is divided into?

A

Upper and Lower RS

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3
Q

The upper airways include the what structures?(MAIN 4 structures)

A

Nose, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

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4
Q
  • Filters, humidifies, and conditions inspired air
  • Site for olfaction
  • Generate resonance in phonation
A

Nose

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5
Q

other term for nostril

A

nares

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6
Q

other term for hair follicles

A

vibrissae

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7
Q
  • Separate inspired gas into several different airstreams w/c increases the contact area b/w inspired air and the warm, moist surface of the nasal mucosa.
A

Turbinates aka conchae

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8
Q

3 parts of turbinates

A

superior, middle, inferior conchae

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9
Q

When warm air is cold, the vascular system becomes engorged with ________ and warms the air.

A

blood

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10
Q

widening of the nostrils during periods of respiratory difficulty

A

nasal flaring

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11
Q
  • associated with respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, pneumonia, acute asthma, any airway obstruction
A

nasal flaring

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12
Q

reverse of nasal flaring.* associated with nasal obstruction
* Causes the person to be an obligate mouth breather

A

alar collapse

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13
Q

Name the 4 Paranasal SInuses

A

Frontal , Ethmoid, Maxillary, Sphenoid

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14
Q
  • These produce mucus for the nasal cavity and act as resonating chambers for the production of sound.
A

Paranasal SInuses

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15
Q

Name the 3 regions of Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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16
Q
  • A vestibule opening into the trachea from the pharynx
  • Acts as a passageway of air b/w pharynx and trachea
  • Protects against aspiration
  • Generates sound for speech
A

Larynx

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17
Q
  • Consists of a framework of 9 cartilages
A

Larynx

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18
Q

what are the single cartilages of larynx?

A

Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis

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19
Q

What are the paired cartilages of larynx?

A

Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform

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20
Q

most important because they influence changes in position and tension of the vocal folds (true vocal cords for speech)

A

Arytenoid

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21
Q
  • Consists of a series of branching airways (generations) w/c become progressively narrower, shorter, and more numerous
A

Tracheobronchial Tree

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22
Q

Form of TBT which conducts air

A

Cartilaginous Airways

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23
Q

Form of TBT which is a site for gas exchange

A

non cartilaginous Airways

24
Q

3 LAYERS OF TBT

A
  • Epithelial lining
  • Lamina propria
  • Cartilaginous layer
25
Q
  • Epithelial lining of TBT is Predominantly composed of ____________ (extends from trachea to the respiratory bronchioles)
A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

26
Q

__________ progressively disappear and are completely absent in the respiratory bronchioles

A

Cilia

27
Q
  • Covered by a mucous layer
    (mucous blanket)
A

Epithelial Lining

28
Q

2 layers of layer mucous blanket

A

sol layer and gel layer

29
Q
  • Submucosal layer of the TBT
A

Lamina Propria

30
Q

contains in TBT layer:
*Blood vessels
*Lymphatic vessels
*Vagus nerve branches
*Smooth muscle fibers

A

Lamina Propria

31
Q

What are the structures associated in the cartilaginous layer of TBT?

A
  • Trachea
  • Main stem bronchi
  • Lobar bronchi
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Subsegmental bronchi
32
Q
  • Most gas exchange takes place at the
    ______________
A

alveolar-capillary membrane

33
Q
  • Approx _____ million alveoli b/w ____ to _____ µm in diameter
A

A. 300
B. 75 to 300

34
Q
  • ______ to ____ is covered by pulmonary capillaries
A

85% to 95%

35
Q
  • Aka acinus, terminal respiratory unit, lung parenchyma, or functional unit
A

Primary Lobule

36
Q
  • About ____ µm in diameter and contains about 2000 alveoli
A

3.5

37
Q
  • Composed of:
  • Type I cell aka squamous pneumocyte
  • Type II cell aka granular pneumocyte
  • Type III cell aka alveolar macrophage
A

alveolar epithelium

38
Q

aka squamous pneumocyte

A

TYPE 1 CELL

39
Q

aka granular pneumocyte

A

TYPE 2 CELL

40
Q

aka Alveolar Macrophage

A

Type 3 cell

41
Q
  • Broad, thin cells, form about 95% of the alveolar surface
  • Major sites of alveolar gas exchange
  • When they die, they are replaced by type II cells that convert to type I cells
A

Type 1 cell

42
Q
  • Form the remaining 5% of the alveolar surface
  • Have microvilli
  • Cuboidal in shape
  • Primary source of pulmonary surfactant
A

Type 2 cell

43
Q
  • prevents alveolar atelectasis by reduction of the alveolar surface tension
  • prevents the formation of intra-alveolar edema
  • have important immunomodulatory functions in the innate host defense system
A

Surfactant

44
Q
  • Remove bacteria and other foreign particles that are deposited within the acini
  • Embedded in the extracellular lining of the alveolar surface
  • Originate in the bone marrow but can reproduce within the lungs
A

Type 3

45
Q
  • Small holes in the walls of the interalveolar septa
  • 3 to 13 µm in diameter
  • Permit gas to move between adjacent alveoli
  • # increase progressively with age
A

Pores of Kohn

46
Q
  • Area b/w the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary capillary endothelium
  • The area where most gas exchange occurs
A

Tight space of Pulmonary Interstitium

47
Q
  • Area that surrounds the bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs
A

Loose space of Pulmonary Interstitium

48
Q

How many generations in trachea?

A

0

49
Q

How many generations in Main stem Bronchi

A

1

50
Q

How many generations in Lobar Bronchi

A

2

51
Q

How many generations Segmental bronchi

A

3

52
Q

How many generation in Subsegmental Bronchi?

A

4-9

53
Q

How many generation in Bronchioles?

A

10-15

54
Q

How many generation in Terminal Bronchioles?

A

16-19

55
Q

How many generation in Respiratory Bronchioles

A

20-23

56
Q

How many generation in Alveolar ducts?

A

24-27

57
Q

How many generation in ALveolar Sacs

A

28

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT (3 decks)

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