Anatomy and Physiology 10% Flashcards
A small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion.
Pancreas
Liver
Kidneys
Gall Bladder
Gall Bladder
A pair of organs functioning to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which are then excreted as urine.
Kidneys
Adrenal Glands
Lungs
Pancreas
Kidneys
Which of the following cells do NOT have a nucleus?
Erythrocytes
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes -
RED Blood Cells
What is another word for the alimentary canal?
Esophagus
Digestive tract
Stomach
Trachea
Digestive tract
A large, reddish-brown, organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Gall bladder
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Liver
A long, irregularly shaped gland in vertebrates, lying behind the stomach, that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum and insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream.
Lungs
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Liver
Pancreas
This is the largest organ in the lymphatic system. It is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced, but it is possible to live without it.
Pancreas
Kidney
Spleen
Gall Bladder
Spleen
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via the:
Vena Cava
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Vena Cava -
There are 2 Vena Cava, (need to know)
The vena cava is the body’s largest vein, carrying deoxygenated blood from other areas of body to the heart.
The very first organ to receive oxygenated blood from the heart is the:
Heart
Kidneys
Lungs
Liver
Heart
The blood volume of an averaged sized male is
5 to 6 liters
6 to 7 liters
3 to 4 liters
4 to 5 liters
5 to 6 liters male,
females is 4-5 liters.
The eyes belong to which system?
Nervous
Endocrine
Muscular
Integumentary
Nervous
Which system collects “trash” from the body and also helps with fighting invading pathogens?
Respiratory
Lymphatic
Digestive
Nervous
Lymphatic
The gall bladder belongs to the ____ system.
Endocrine
Digestive
Lymphatic
Nervous
Digestive
The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver. Bile aids in the digestion of fat and is released from the gallbladder into the upper small intestine in response to food (especially fats).
Which body system is responsible for generating electrical impulses that run the muscular system?
Muscular system
Cardiovascular
Endocrine system system
Nervous system
Nervous system
Hairs in the skin belong to which body system?
Nervous
Integumentary
Muscular
Immune
Integumentary
The cartilage that connects bones together belongs to which system?
Reproductive
Skeletal
Muscular
Integumentary
Skeletal
The glands of the body are under control of which system?
Nervous
Muscular
Endocrine
Lymphatic
Endocrine
Which term does not fit with the others?
Ureters
Thymus
Pituitary gland
Pancreas
Ureters
Which term does not fit with the others?
Esophagus
Anus
Kidneys
Mouth
Kidneys
Blood vessels are muscular tubes that carry blood, sugar, and oxygen to the parts of the body. Nervous impulses cause these tubes to expand or contract. Which system do the vessels belong to?
Muscular
Digestive
Nervous
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular
A structure that is closer to the median plane than another structure:
Posterior
Lateral
Distal
Medial
Medial
Term that refers to a structure being more in front than another structure of the body:
Proximal
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
Anterior
-closer to front
Longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into left and right parts:
Sagittal
Transverse
Coronal
Median
Sagittal
Transverse planes can also be called:
Horizontal planes
Coronal planes
Oblique planes
Longitudinal planes
Horizontal planes
Which of the following is NOT found in the posterior region of the body?
Gluteal
Vertebral
Pectoral
Lumbar
Pectoral
A plane that separates the body into a front (anterior) and back (posterior) part is called a:
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Frontal plane
Oblique plane
Frontal plane
or Coronal Plane
A plane that separates the body into parts that are neither perfectly vertical nor horizontal is called a:
Coronal plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
Oblique plane
Oblique plane
A plane that runs from top to bottom (vertical), dividing the body into unequal left and right parts is called a:
Coronal plane
Midsagittal plane
Parasagittal plane
Median plane
Parasagittal plane
Frontal planes are also called:
Oblique planes
Coronal planes
Horizonal planes
Axial planes
Coronal planes
A plane that separates the body or structure into upper and lower parts is called a:
Transverse plane
Oblique plane
Sagittal plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
A hollow muscular organ that stores urine before expelling it from the body.
Bladder
For what organ is dialysis used?
Kidney
Which organ removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen?
Liver
What are commonly used triggers for an IABP?
ECG waveforms and arterial pressure waveforms
When speaking of EKGs, which leads are known as the bipolar leads?
Leads I, II and III
Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by which structures?
Pulmonary veins (Pulmonary=from Lungs)
Aside from the ECG, balloon pumps use the ___________________ waveform as a trigger.
Arterial pressure waveform
A doctor who specializes in blood is called a:
Hematologist
What is the diastolic pressure?
A The first sound heard when listening to a BP cuff deflate
B The lowest pressure in an intact artery after a cardiac contraction
C The peak pressure in the left ventricle
D The lowest pressure in the right ventricle
The lowest pressure in the right ventricle
In comparing the pressures within the heart, the right atrium pressure in respect to the left atrium pressure is:
a. less than
b. greater than
c. the same as
d. none of the above
a. less than
Left ventricle pumps blood to entire body so it generates higher pressure compared to right ventrical. The Left Atrium therefore has a higher pressure than right atrium as it pumps blood into the Left ventrical.
The lower chambers of the heart are called:
a. ventricles
b. atria
c. aorta
d. myocardium
a. ventricles
An X-ray film taken after injection of a contrast medium in an area of the spinal cord is best described:
a. Myelogram
b. Arteriogram
c. Mammogram
d. Cystogram
a. Myelogram
- uses X-ray’s and a special dye called contrast material to make pictures of bones and fluid filled space
Which of the following is the liquid component of blood
a. Plasma
b. Antigens
c. Antibodies
d. Therbocytes
a. Plasma
Over 85% of the human body is made of which of the following elements?
a. Hydrogen only
b. Hydrogen and oxygen
c. Hydrogen and nitrogen
d. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hydrogen and oxygen (AKA WATER)
- The prostate gland is located near the
a. Thyroid gland
b. Brain
c. Kidney
d. Bladder
d. Bladder
The appearance of a “goiter” would be associated with a dysfunction of which of the following?
a. pancreas
b. Adrenal Gland
c. Thyroid gland
d. Pituitary gland
c. Thyroid gland
-swelling of thyroid gland
Which plane divides a body into a front(anterior) and back(posterior) half
Coronal or Fontal
The membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs is best described as the
a. Pleura
b. Peritoneum
c. Periosteum
d. Pericardium
a. Pleura
The T wave in an ECG waveform corresponds to which activity of the heart?
a. Atrial repolarization
b. Atrial depolarization
c. Ventricle repolarization
d. Ventricle depolarization
C Ventricle repolarization
In the circulatory system, valves are found in the heart and
a. Veins
b. Capillaries
c. Alveolar Sacs
d. Nephrons
a. Veins
When taking a manual blood pressure the first Korotokoff sound is the?
A. Mean blood pressure
B. Systolic pressure
C. Diastolic pressure
D. Central venous pressure
B. Systolic pressure
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
SA Node
What is Homeostatis?
The body’s ability to regulate its internal envirnment.
What is the main organ responsible for regulating acid/base and electrolyte balance in the body?
A. Kidneys
B. Pancreas
C. Liver
D. Gall Bladder
A. Kidneys
Which of the following is the master gland of the endocrine system?
Thyroid
Pituitary
Pancreas
Adrenal
Pituitary
Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following?
Androgens
Electrolytes
Catecholamines
Estrogens
Electrolytes
Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by which of the following structures?
Pulmonary veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles?
Oxytocin
Acetylcholine
Deoxyribose
Prolactin
Acetylcholine
Which of the following is the point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron?
Synapse
Nerve center
Dendrite
Glial cell
Synapse
Which of the following controls body temperature, sleep, and appetite?
Hypothalamus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
In which of the following positions does a patient lie face down?
Dorsal
Prone
Erect
Supine
Prone
-patient face down
Which of the following terms describes the motion of bending the forearm toward the body?
Supination
Pronation
Flexion
Abduction
Flexion
Which cells in the blood do not have a nucleus?
Erythrocyte
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Erythrocyte
The propagation speed of sound through soft tissue is:
1650 m/s
1540 m/s
1230 cm/s
1450 m/s
1540 m/s
A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as which of the following?
Open, spiral
Compound, transverse
Complex, comminuted
Closed, greenstick
Closed, greenstick
The anatomic location of the spinal canal is:
Dorsal
Caudal
Frontal
Ventral
Dorsal
Which of the following is the large bone found superior to the patella and inferior to the ischium?
Calcaneus
Femur
Ulna
Tibia
Femur
Which is the “Can’t Let Go” range of current flow?
3-9 mA
10-25 mA
25-60 mA
1-3 mA
10-25 mA
The plasma membrane consists of:
mostly proteins
entirely of phospholipids
carbohydrates and lipids
phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
The cytoplasm is the term for:
the cytosol plus the cell organelles and inclusions
the fluid portion of the cell (cytosol)
microtubules and microfilaments
all cell organelles combined
the cytosol plus the cell organelles and inclusions
Endocytosis is an example of:
passive transport
simple diffusion
excretion
active transport
active transport
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called:
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
filtration
osmosis
Which of the following is necessary for diffusion to occur?
a concentration gradient
a hypertonic solution
a selectively permeable membrane
cellular energy
a concentration gradient
A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution:
neither gains nor loses water
loses water
gains water
shrinks
gains water
Chromatin is found in the:
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Nucleus
The packaging and sorting of proteins is the function of the:
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
mitochondria
golgi apparatus
Protein synthesis occurs at the:
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Which of the following are considered the “powerhouses” of the cell?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
nucleolus
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Energy needed for chemical reactions in the body is provided by the breakdown of:
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
__________ open and close for potassium efflux and sodium influx:
vacuoles
cytokines
ion channels
capillaries
ion channels
What is another name for programmed cell death?
diapedesis
apoptosis
oxidative burst
necrosis
apoptosis
What role(s) does the cytoskeleton play in a living cell?
movement
contraction
maintaining cell shape
all are correct
all are correct
Which of the following statements is true concerning human blood?
-Some human populations normally lack the ability to produce plasma.
-Blood plays only a minor role in immune response.
-Proteins are not normal components of human blood.
-The blood of all normal humans contains red and white cells, platelets, and plasma.
-The blood of all normal humans contains red and white cells, platelets, and plasma.
Erythrocyte is another name for a:
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Plasma
Platelet
Red blood cell
Which of the following blood components provide the major defense for our bodies against invading bacteria and viruses?
White cells
Platelets
Red cells
Plasma
White cells
The relatively clear liquid medium which carries the other cells of blood is called:
Antibody
Buffy Coat
Lipid
Plasma
Plasma
Which of the following are likely to increase in quantities when the body is under attack from bacteria?
Erythrocytes
Platelets
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Leukocytes-(form of white blood cells)
When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called:
Clotting
None are correct
Agglutination
Scabbing
Agglutination
Agglutination is a reaction in which particles (as red blood cells or bacteria) suspended in a liquid collect into clumps usually as a response to a specific antibody.
Antigens are:
-Relatively large carbohydrate molecules
-Types of white cells responsible for defense
-Found on the surface of red cells
-Kinds of red cells that identify a blood type
-Found on the surface of red cells
Which of the following statements is true of antigen-antibody interactions?
-They are used by our bodies only to identify blood types.
-They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses
and bacteria, that invade our bodies.
-They are the way our blood clots when we are bleeding from an
internal wound.
-They are the way our blood clots when we are bleeding from an -
open wound.
They are used to identify and reject microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, that invade our bodies.
Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of:
Red cells
White cells
Plasma
Hemoglobin
Plasma
The blood volume of an averaged sized male is
3 to 4 liters
4 to 5 liters
5 to 6 liters
6 to 7 liters
5 to 6 liters
Which of the following cells do NOT have a nucleus?
Granulocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Agranulocytes
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
A blood clot transported by the blood stream is a(n):
Thrombus
Thrombin clot
Embolus
Platelet plug
Embolus-(MOVING clot.)
FYI: Thrombus-(STATIONARY clot)
Heredity deficiencies of coagulation is referred to as:
Leukemia
Anemia
Hemolysis
Hemophilia
Hemophilia
Stoppage of bleeding is called:
Thrombosis
Hemostasis
Coagulation
Vascular spasm
Hemostasis
An increase in number the of white blood cells is called:
Polycythemia
Anemia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis (increasing number)
What percentage of our body energy is used to power the brain?
75
50
20
5
20
For what organ is dialysis used?
Kidney
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Kidney
What is another word for the alimentary canal?
Digestive tract
Trachea
Stomach
Esophagus
Digestive tract
What is the part of the eye where the image must be focused?
Retina
Lens
Vitreous Humor
Cornea
Retina
A hollow muscular organ that stores urine before expelling it from the body.
Lungs
Kidneys
Liver
Bladder
Bladder
A small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion.
Liver
Kidneys
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Gall Bladder
A pair of organs functioning to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance, regulate acid-base concentration and filter the blood of metabolic wastes, which are then excreted as urine.
Adrenal Glands
Lungs
Pancreas
Kidneys
Kidneys
Beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Pancreas
Large Intestine
A large, reddish-brown, organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Liver
Gall bladder
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver
A long, irregularly shaped gland in vertebrates, lying behind the stomach, that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum and insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream.
Liver
Lungs
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
The upper portion of the bowel, in which the process of digestion is practically completed. It is narrow and contorted and consists of three parts, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Large Intestine
Liver
Small Intestine
The enlarged, saclike canal, one of the principal organs of digestion, located between the esophagus and the small intestine.
Liver
Pancreas
The mouth
Stomach
Stomach
This is the largest organ in the lymphatic system. It is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced, but it is possible to live without it.
Kidney
Spleen
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via the:
Pulmonary vein
Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Vena Cava
The very first organ to receive oxygenated blood from the heart is the:
Liver
Kidneys
Lungs
Heart
Heart
A structure that is closer to the median plane than another structure:
Distal
Medial
Lateral
Posterior
Medial
Term that refers to a structure being closer to the feet than another structure:
Posterior
Caudal
Anterior
Proximal
Caudal
Term that refers to a structure being more in front than another structure of the body:
Posterior
Lateral
Anterior
Proximal
Anterior
What percentage of blood volume is red blood cells?
40% - 45%
Most signs of breast pathology are in the form of soft-tissue masses that are:
not very different from the surrounding tissue.
What is the required retention force for receptacles throughout the environment of care?
Difficulty Breathing
Whole blood is a mixture of :
55% plasma and 45% blood cells
