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HOSA Dental > Anatomy and Oral Structures > Flashcards

Anatomy and Oral Structures Flashcards

1
Q

portion of skull that encloses the brain; 8 bones

A

cranium

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2
Q

two fan shaped bone one each side of skull in temporal area above ear

A

temporal bone

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3
Q

two bones, one on each side that make up the roof and side walls covering the brain

A

parietal bone

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4
Q

a single bone in the frontal or anterior region that makes up the forehead

A

frontal bone

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5
Q

a spongy bone located between the eye orbits that helps form the roof and part of the anterior nasal fossa of the skull

A

ethmoid bone

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6
Q

a large bat-shaped bone at the base of the skull between the occipital and ethmoid in front, and the parietal and temporal bones at each side

A

sphenoid bone

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7
Q

two facial bones, one under each eye, that form the cheekbone and give character to the face (malar bones)

A

zygomatic bone

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8
Q

two large facia bones, one under each eye, that unite in the center in the median suture to form the upper jaw that supports the maxillary teeth in the alveolar process

A

maxilla bones

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9
Q

two bones, one left and right, that unite at the median palatine suture to form hard palate of mouth and nasal floor

A

palatine bone

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10
Q

two bones, one left and one right, that unite at the median palatine suture to form the hard palate of mouth and the nasal floor

A

nasal bone

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11
Q

two small bones, one each on the inner side or nose site of the orbital cavity, that make up the corner of the eye where the tear ducts are located

A

lacrimal bone

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12
Q

two thin scroll-like bones that form the lower part of the interior of the nasal cavity

A

inferior concha bones

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13
Q

strong, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw

A

mandible bones

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14
Q

a single bone that forms the lower posterior part of the naval septum and separates the nose into two chambers

A

vomer bone

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15
Q

the largest of three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the ear mallet, the largest of three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the ear mallet

A

malleus bones

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16
Q

one of the three ossicles of the middle ear; commonly called the anvil

A

incus bones

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17
Q

one of the three ossicles in the middle ear; commonly called the stirrup

A

stapes bones

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18
Q

an air pocket or cavity in a bone that lightens the bone, warms the air intake, and helps form sounds.

A

sinus

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19
Q

larger accessory sinus, located in the frontal bone or the forehead
above each eye.

A

frontal sinus

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20
Q

multiple, smaller sinuses located in the ethmoid bone, at the side of each eye

A

ethmoid sinus

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21
Q

multiple, small sinuses located in the sphenoid bone situated behind the eyes.

A

sphenoid sinus

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22
Q

located in the maxilla; the ______ is the largest and is called the atrium of Highmore; this cavity is easily seen and is used as a landmark for identifying radiographs in the mounting of films.

A

maxillary sinus

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23
Q

a line where two or more bones unite in an immovable joint. Several main ____ are located in the cranium

A

suture

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24
Q

junction of the frontal and the parietal bones; this area

is soft at birth and shortly afterward, and it has been called the baby’s “softspot” or fontanel

A

coronal suture

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25
Q

the union line between the two parietal bones on the top of the skull.

A

sagittal suture

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26
Q

located between the parietal bone and the upper border of the occipital bone.

A

lambdoid suture

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27
Q

located between the temporal and parietal bones; also known as the squamous suture

A

temporoparietal suture

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28
Q

projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue

A

process

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29
Q

in the center of the mandible, forms the chin, and is called the mental or chin protuberance

A

symphysis

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30
Q

bone growth or border of the maxilla and the mandible; makes up and forms the tooth sockets

A

alveolar process

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31
Q

posterior growth on the ramus of the mandible; articulates with the temporal bone in the temporomandibular

A

condyloid process

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32
Q

anterior growth on the ramus of the mandible that serves as the attachment position for the temporalis muscle.

A

coronoid process

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33
Q

the projection of maxilla meeting with the frontal bone to form the eye orbit

A

frontal process

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34
Q

growth process from the zygomatic bone that articulates with the maxilla to form the lower side of the eye orbit.

A

infraorbital process

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35
Q

growth on the temporal bone behind the ear that is used for muscle attachment.

A

mastoid process

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36
Q

growth of the sphenoid bone extending downward from the bone; the most inferior end of the process is known as the ______ hamulus, a hook-like end that serves as a site for muscle attachment

A

pterygoid process

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37
Q

small, pointed growth from the lower border of the temporal bone; serves as a bone position for attachment of some tongue muscles.

A

styloid process

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38
Q

an opening or hole in the bone for nerve and vessel passage, anesthesia locations

A

foramen

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39
Q

a large opening in the temporal bone used for the passage of auditory nerves and vessels.

A

external auditory meatus

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40
Q

opening in the occipital bone for spinal cord passage; largest of all foramina.

A

magnum foramen

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41
Q

located on the lingual side of the ramus of the mandible; permits nerve and vessels passage to teeth and mouth tissues.

A

mandibular foramen

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42
Q

opening situated on left and the right anterior areas of the mandible; used for passage of nerve and vessels.

A

mental foramen

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43
Q

small opening in the center of the mental spine for nerve passage to the incisor area.

A

lingual foramen

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44
Q

opening in the maxilla behind the central incisors on the midline.

A

incisive foramen

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45
Q

an opening in the frontal bone above the eye orbit.

A

supraorbital foramen

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46
Q

an opening in the maxilla under the eye orbit

A

infraorbital foramen

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47
Q

anterior and posterior openings in the hard palate.

A

palatine foramen

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48
Q

an opening in the zygomatic bone.

A

zygomaticofacial foramen

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49
Q

fibrous membrane covering all bones

A

periosteum

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50
Q

when periosteum has a mucous surface

A

mucoperiosteum

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51
Q

mucous membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the lips and the cheeks

A

lining mucosa

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52
Q

elastic type of mucous membrane that undergoes stress and pull; located around the alveolar area of the teeth and lines the hard palate.

A

masticatory mucosa

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53
Q

smoother mucous tissue found on the dorsal side of the tongue.

A

specialized mucosa

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54
Q

ascending part of the mandible that arises from the curved, lower arch

A

ramus

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55
Q

area along the lower edge of the mandible where the upward curve of the mandible forms

A

angle of the mandible

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56
Q

S-shaped curvature between the condyle and coronoid processes; upper border of the mandible; also called the mandibular notch.

A

sigmoid notch

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57
Q

bony ridge on the lingual surface of the mandible.

A

mylohyoid ridge

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58
Q

slanted, bony growth ridge on the facial side of the mandible.

A

oblique line

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59
Q

space located to the rear of the mandibular molars.

A

retromolar area

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60
Q

center of mandible (chin); also known as mental protuberance (projection).

A

symphysis

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61
Q

comes together as a joint

A

articulates

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62
Q

a rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone

A

condyle

63
Q

hallow, vertically elongate concavity that receives the head of the humerus.

A

mandibular fossa

64
Q

forms the anterior boundary of fossa and helps maintain the maindible in position

A

articular eminence

65
Q

cushions and lubricates joint that works in a hinge-action movement

A

meniscus

66
Q

chewing

A

mastication

67
Q

fan shaped muscle on each side of skull, elevates and lowers the jaw and can draw the mandible backwards

A

temporal muscle

68
Q

muscle that closes the mouth (principle mastication muscle

A

masseter muscle

69
Q

muscle that raises the mandible to close the jaw

A

internal pterygoid muscle

70
Q

muscle that opens the jaw and thrusts the mandible forward; assists with lateral movement

A

external pterygoid muscle

71
Q

kissing muscle; circular muscle surrounding the mouth that compacts and protrudes the lips

A

orbicularis oris muscle

72
Q

principal cheek muscle, compresses the cheek, expelling air through lips

A

buccinator muscle

73
Q

muscle of the chin (mental) that moves the chin tissue and raises/lowers the lower lip

A

mentalis muscle

74
Q

fifth cranial nerve, motor and sensory

A

trigeminal nerve

75
Q

trigeminal nerve branches at ____

A

Gasserian ganglion

76
Q

smallest of division, sensory nerve with three branches

A

ophthalmic division

77
Q

carries sensation from the lacrimal grand and eye conjunctiva, opthalmic division

A

lacrimal branch

78
Q

carries sensation from the forehead, upper eyelid, scalp and nasal root, opthalmic division

A

frontal branch

79
Q

carries sensation from the nose, eye and eyebrow, ophthalmic division

A

nasociliary branch

80
Q

sensory division of trigeminal nerve, several branches

A

maxillary division

81
Q

sensation from hard palate. periosteum, mucous membrane of molars/premolar teeth, maxillary division

A

anterior palatine branch

82
Q

carries sensation from the soft palate (uvula), upper or soft part of palate, maxillary division

A

middle palatine branch

83
Q

carries sensation from the tonsils and the soft palate, maxil;ary division

A

posterior palatine branch

84
Q

carries sensation from nose and anterior area of palate, maxillary division

A

nasopalatine branch

85
Q

anterior superior alveolar branchcarries sensation from the maxillary centrals, laterals and canines, infraorbital branch

A

anterior superior alveolar branch

86
Q

carries sensation from the maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, infraorbital branch

A

middle superior alveolar branch

87
Q

carries sensation from the maxillary second and third molar, and the remaining roots of the maxillary first molar, infraorbital branch

A

posterior superior alveolar branch

88
Q

mixed nerve division that registers sensation and causes movement

A

mandibular division

89
Q

carries sensation from the mandibular teeth and mucosa of the mouth floor and some tongue areas, mandibular division

A

inferior alveolar branch

90
Q

carries sensation from skin of chin and the lower lip, mandibular division

A

mental branch

91
Q

carries sensation from the anterior teeth and alveoli, chin and lip areas, mandibular division

A

incisive branch

92
Q

carries sensation from the buccal gingiva and mucosa of the molar region, mandibular division

A

buccal branch

93
Q

carries some sensation from the tongue and causes some movement of the tongue and mastication muscles, thereby the classification of the trigeminal nerve is mixed, mandibular division

A

lingual branch

94
Q

rises from the aorta right and left, divides in the neck to form two arteries

A

carotid artery

95
Q

carotid artery that provides blood supply to brain and eyes

A

internal carotid artery

96
Q

carotid artery that provides blood to the throat, face, mouth, tongue and ears through branches

A

external carotid artery

97
Q

provides blood to the maxillary anterior teeth and surrounding tissues, external carotid branch

A

infraorbital branch

98
Q

provides blood to the maxillary teeth, periodontal ligaments, muscles, sinus and palate, external carotid branch

A

inferior alveolar branch (lower alveolar process)

99
Q

divides into branches to serve the tongue, tonsil, soft palate, throat and floor of the mouth, external carotid branch

A

facial branch

100
Q

largest of the branches of the external carotid; provides blood to the maxillary teeth, periodontal ligaments, muscles, sinus and palate.

A

maxillary branch

101
Q

carries blood from the head to the heart through two divisions

A

jugular vein

102
Q

collects and drains blood from the brain, cranium, face and neck.

A

internal jugular vein

103
Q

collects and drains blood through assorted branches

A

external jugular vein

104
Q

carries blood from the face structures and mouth area, external jugular branch

A

facial division branch

105
Q

carries blood from the maxillary region, external jugular branch

A

maxillary division branch

106
Q

collects the blood supply from head, nasal cavity, teeth, palate and muscles, external jugular branch

A

pterygoid venus plexus branch

107
Q

spit

A

expectorate

108
Q

watery fluid in expectorate

A

serum

109
Q

sticky slime secretion that forms mucus in expectorate

A

muscin

110
Q

body produced proteins that digest food

A

enzymes

111
Q

largest salivary gland, located near the ear, produces serus saliva that empties into mouth near maxillary second molar

A

parotid salivary gland

112
Q

parotid salivary gland empties here

A

Stenson’s duct

113
Q

a smaller gland located on the lower side of the the face that secretes mucin and serum fluids with enzymes; empties through the submandibular duct

A

submandibular salivary gland

114
Q

small fleshy growths that contains submandibular duct openings

A

caruncles

115
Q

smallest major salivary gland, situated in floor of mouth, secretes mucin through multiple ducts

A

sublingual salivary gland

116
Q

vessels that transports lymph fluid of plasma, water and waste products

A

lymph

117
Q

tiny vessels or tubes that carry lymph fluid

A

lymph capillaries

118
Q

a mass of lymph cells forming a unit of lymphatic tissue that is named after the formation site

A

lymph node

119
Q

lymph nodes located under the armpit

A

axillary lymph node

120
Q

lymph nodes located in the neck

A

cervical lymph node

121
Q

lymph nodes found in the groin area near the abdomen

A

inguinal lymph nodes

122
Q

lymphatic tissue masses found in the posterior of the throat between the anterior and posterior fauces and on the back of the tongue. Act as filters and aid in the production of immune responses

A

tonsil

123
Q

lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx area, pharyngeal tonsil

A

adenoid

124
Q

lips

A

labia

125
Q

upper lip

A

superior oris

126
Q

lower lip

A

inferium oris

127
Q

area at the corner of the mouth where the lips meet

A

labial commissure

128
Q

area where the pink-red lip tissue meets facial skin

A

vermillion border

129
Q

median groove in the center external surface of the upper lip

A

philtrum

130
Q

triangular piece of tissue that attaches the tongue, lip and check to the oral membrane

A

frenum

131
Q

two tissues that attaches the inside of the lip to mucous membrane in the anterior to oral cavity common site for surgical frenectomy to permit closure of the two central incisors gap caused by ______ that is too large of thick

A

labial frenum

132
Q

one tissue that attaches to the lower side of the tongue to the floor membrane. Openings for the Wharton’s duct are found on each side of this frenum are found in caruncles.

A

lingual frenum

133
Q

conditions that results from shortened lingual frenum, “tongue-tied”

A

ankyloglossia

134
Q

attaches the inside of the cheek to the oral cavity in the maxillary first molar area

A

buccal frenum

135
Q

tongue

A

glossa

136
Q

swallowing

A

deglutition

137
Q

a groove that divides the tongue’s top surface into two parts

A

median sulcus

138
Q

taste bud

A

papillae

139
Q

back surface

A

dorsal surface

140
Q

largest v-shaped papillae (taste bud), tastes bitter

A

circumvallate

141
Q

smallest, hair-like papillae covering entire dorsal aspect of tongue that doesnt sense taste

A

filiform

142
Q

small, dark red papillae on the middle and anterior dorsal surface and along side of tongue, sense sweet, sour and salty tastes

A

fungiform

143
Q

present on the posterior lateral borders of the tongue, can be seen if the tongue is grasped with gauze and extended, senses sour tastes

A

foliate

144
Q

roof of mouth

A

palate

145
Q

composed of palatine processes of the maxillae bones; covered with mucous membrane

A

hard palate

146
Q

irregular folds or bumps on the surface

A

rugae

147
Q

tissue growth that is situated at the anterior portion of the palate behind the maxillary centrals, site for infiltration injection of local anesthesia

A

incisive papilla

148
Q

white streak in the middle of palate, “ridge”

A

palatine raphe

149
Q

tissue structure hanging from the palate in the posterior of the oral cavity

A

uvula

150
Q

open gum and tissue area between the teeth and the cheek

A

vestibule

151
Q

constructed opening or passage leading from the mouth to the oral pharynx, bound by the soft palate, the base of tongue, and the palatine arches. considered two pillars of mucous membranes

A

fauces

152
Q

anterior pillars (tongue and palate areas)

A

glossopalatine arch

153
Q

posterior pillars, palatine tonsils lay between these pillars, pharynx and palate areas

A

pharyngopalatine fauces

HOSA Dental (3 decks)

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