Anatomy and Funtion Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
contains motor cortex in its posterior aspect and neuronal networks for behavior and behavioral expression
Parietal Lobe
houses cortex for sensation, optic radiations for visual interpretation, and language centers including Brocas and Wernicke
Wernickes Area
lies at the temporoparietal junction (lies between temporal and parietal lobes) and responsible for language comprehension
Brocas area
lies in frontal lobe and responsible for speech production
Where is the language network located
generally on the L side in most people
occipital lobe
Primarily responsible for vision and interpretation of visual sensory signals and contains primary visual cortex
temporal lobe
responsible for coding visual memory and processing auditory and visual sensory input and language comprehension.
basal ganglia
serves as the coordinating center for nerve tracts that include muscle movement
Structures in the limbic system
hypothalamus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus
limbic system
group of nuclei and cortical structures that encode memory and regulate autonomic nervous system and endocrine function in response to emotional stimuli
hypothalamus
coordinates autonomic nervous system with endocrine function; main center of control of body temp, circadian rhythm, and osmolality (body water)
amygdala
plays crucial role in management of stress, rage, and anxiety. And is the center for memory and emotion. AKA: emotional amplifier
hippocampus
centers for memory and learning; particularly establishment of short-term memory
structures in the diencephalon
thalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland
thalamus
all sensory pathways pass through thalamus
pituitary gland
located at base of the brain; divided into two lobes: Frontal lobe responsible for producing hormones, Posterior lobe responsible for releasing hormones.
pineal gland
produces serotonin and melatonin; contributes to circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles
Cerebellum
located in the dorsal aspect of pons; contributes to movement coordination and maintaining balance and position sense.
Also responsible for unconscious coordination of movement
brain stem structures
midbrain, pons, medulla
brain stem
responsible for most basic neurologic functions and reflexes
cerebral metabolism
brain uses 20% of body’s oxygen and 15% of cardiac output; can’t store and relies on constant supply of oxygen & glucose.
Ischemic cascade
- normal cerebral blood flow: 50-55mL/100g/min
- oligemia: 30-40mL
- moderate ischemia (penumbra): 20-30mL
- severe ischemia & cell death: perfusion drops to 0-10mL/100g/min
4 arteries that carry oxygenated blood to brain
R & L carotid (anterior circulation)
R & L vertebral (posterior circulation)
what does the basilar artery feed
pons and cerebellum
Circle of Willis function
serves as the blood supply connection between the anterior and posterior sections of the brain
Vessels in anterior circulation
starts at COW; MCA, ACA, PCA
vessels in posterior circulation
bilat vertebral arteries, basilar artery,
