anatomy and biomechanics Flashcards
Where do most bony tissues arise in the foot?
Base of the 5th digit
What are the functions of the sesamoid bones in the foot?
- protect the 1st MTP during walking/running
- act as a gulley for the FHL tendon (pulls the toe into PF)
What ligaments are important for tibialis posterior/pes planus problems?
spring ligament and deltoid ligaments
What are the deltoid ligaments?
Anterior/posterior tibiotalar
Tibiocalcaneal
Tibionavicular
What ligament(s) of the ankle are rarely torn with trauma?
deltoid ligaments
What tendons travel down the medial column of the ankle?
FDL
TA/TP
FHL
The most common type of ankle sprain is caused by excessive (inversion/eversion)
inversion
Who is most likely to present with flat feet?
People who are overweight
(true/flase) peronal tendons can be inflamed by orthotics that rub on them.
true
A muscle produces the most power in what position?
Slightly stretched (stretched enough that cross bridges form and create a pull)
definition: the position of the calcaneus during static stance
resting calcaneal stance
What is a common site of pain in the foot? Why?
plantar aponeurosis because the plantar artery and nerve are irritated with plantar fasciitis
What portion of the plantar aponeurosis is thickest?
central portion
Where does the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis divide?
Divides near the heads of the metatarsals and travel up each digit (5 branches)
The ____ stratum of the central plantar aponeurosis divides into two slips which embrace the side of the Flexor tendons of the toes, and blend with the sheaths of the tendons, and with the transverse metatarsal ligament, thus forming a series of arches through which the tendons of the short and long Flexors pass to the toes
deeper stratum of the central plantar aponeurosis
What are the portions of the plantar aponeurosis?
medial, lateral, central
What does the lateral portion of the plantar aponeurosis cover?
Covers the under surface of the abductor digiti quinti (thin in FRONT and thick BEHIND)
What does the medial portion of the plantar aponeurosis cover?
Under surface of the abductor hallucis (thin)
What muscles make up the most superficial layer of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles?
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti quinti
What muscles make up the second layer of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles?
Quadratus plantæ
Lumbricals
What muscles make up the third layer of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles?
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti quinti brevis