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VetRad Boards prep > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

At the metaphysis, at which zone do fractures occur?

A

Zone of hypertrophy

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2
Q

Why are foals pre-disposed to osteomyelitis?

A

transphyseal vessels and looping vessels in the metaphysis

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3
Q

Normal closure time of the fel/k9 humeral condyle

A

8-12 weeks

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4
Q

Normal equine skull closure times

A

4-5 years in general; occipital squamous and lateral portions are the exception (4 mos and 12-24 mos respectively)

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5
Q

Normal equine axis closure times

A

dens to head 7 mos, caudal epiphysis 4-5 mos

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6
Q

Normal equine C3-C7 physeal closure

A

cranial physis 2 years, caudal physes 4-5 years

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7
Q

Normal equine T1-L6 physeal closure

A

cranial physes 6-12 mos; caudal physes 2-4 years

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8
Q

Normal equine humerus/radius/ulna closure times

A

1-3 years

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9
Q

Normal equine metacarpal closure times

A

third MC [proximal physis at birth, distal physis 6 mos]; second and fourth fuse to shaft 1-9 mos

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10
Q

Normal equine proximal and middle phalanx closure times

A

Proximal 8-12 mos, distal physis at birth

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11
Q

What is the vertebral formulas for carnivores, horses and ruminants?

A
  • Carnivore: C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd 20-23
  • Equine: C7, T18, L6, S5, Cd 15-21
  • Ruminant: C7, T13, L6, S5, Cd, 18-20
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12
Q

What are the permanent canine, feline, equine and camelid dental formulas?

A
  • canine (42): I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4 , M 2/3
  • feline (30): I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1
  • equine: I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 3/3
  • camelid: I 1/3, C 1/1, P 2/1, M 3/3
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13
Q

What passes through the supracondylar foramen in cats?

A

Median nerve and brachial artery

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14
Q

In the equine carpus, which two joints comminicate?

A

The middle carpal join and the carpometacarpal joint between carpal bone 3 and 4

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15
Q

In the equine carpal canal, the tendon sheath wraps what structures?

A

DDFT, SDFT, median palmar artery, median palmar nerve

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16
Q

Which joints in the tarsus communicate?

A
  • talocrural and proximal intertarsal joints
  • Distal ontertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints
17
Q

Where is the supraspinous bursa located and what happens when this becomes infected?

A

T2/T3 - infection can lead to fistulous withers

18
Q

Does the navicular bursa communiate with the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

No

19
Q

What inervates the navicular?

A

The distal aspect of the medial palmar digital nerve and the lateral palmar digital nerve

20
Q

Which view is best for viewing both the proximal and distal margins of the navicular bone?

A

The D65°Pr-PaDiO (‘high coronary view’)

21
Q

Describe communication between the joints of the equine stifle

A
  • NO communicatoon between the medial and lateral femorotibial joints
  • 75% have communication between the femoropatellar and medial femortibial joints
  • 25% have communication between the femoropatellar and lateral femerotibial joints
22
Q

In the equine stilfe, in the medial or lateral trochlear ridge larger?

A

medial - projects more cranially on the LM view

23
Q

What is the difference between the extensor fossa in equine and small animals?

A
  • Equine: extensor fossa is origin for the peroneus tertius and the ling digital extensor
  • Small animal: peroneus tertius is absent! Fossa is site of origin for the long digital extensor only
24
Q

At the equine stifle, where do OC lesions occur - in order from most liekly to least likey?

A

Lateral trochlear ridge > medial trochlear ridge > trochlear groove (rare)

25
Q

What type of shunt arises from a patent ductus venosus?

A

Left divisional intrahepatic shunt

26
Q

WHhat causes subvalvular pulmonic stenosis in Bulldogs and Boxers?

A

Annomalous left coronary artery arising from a single right coronary artery

27
Q

Where is the spinal cord termination site in dogs and cats?

A
  • Large dogs @ L6, small dogs @ L7
  • Cat @ L7
28
Q

WHat spinal segments are within the conus medullaris (thecal sac)?

A

S2, S3 and Cd1- Cd 5

29
Q

Cavernous sinus syndrome affects what nerves?

A

III, IV, VI and the ophthalmic and sympathetic branches of V

30
Q

What structures reside in the medial and lateral compartments of the gutteral pouch?

A
  • Lateral: external corrotid, maxillary artery and facial nerve
  • Medial: internal corotid artery, cervical sympathetic trunk and cranial cervical ganglion, CNs IX, X, XI and XII
31
Q

What are the narrowest disc spaces in the cervical, thorac and lumabr spine?

A
  • Cervical: C2-C3
  • Thoracic: T10-T11 (T11 anticlinal)
  • Lumbar: L5-L6
32
Q

What passes through the lateral vertebral foramen?

A

First cervical spinal nerve and the vertebral artery

VetRad Boards prep (11 decks)

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