Anatomy Flashcards
At the metaphysis, at which zone do fractures occur?
Zone of hypertrophy
Why are foals pre-disposed to osteomyelitis?
transphyseal vessels and looping vessels in the metaphysis
Normal closure time of the fel/k9 humeral condyle
8-12 weeks
Normal equine skull closure times
4-5 years in general; occipital squamous and lateral portions are the exception (4 mos and 12-24 mos respectively)
Normal equine axis closure times
dens to head 7 mos, caudal epiphysis 4-5 mos
Normal equine C3-C7 physeal closure
cranial physis 2 years, caudal physes 4-5 years
Normal equine T1-L6 physeal closure
cranial physes 6-12 mos; caudal physes 2-4 years
Normal equine humerus/radius/ulna closure times
1-3 years
Normal equine metacarpal closure times
third MC [proximal physis at birth, distal physis 6 mos]; second and fourth fuse to shaft 1-9 mos
Normal equine proximal and middle phalanx closure times
Proximal 8-12 mos, distal physis at birth
What is the vertebral formulas for carnivores, horses and ruminants?
- Carnivore: C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd 20-23
- Equine: C7, T18, L6, S5, Cd 15-21
- Ruminant: C7, T13, L6, S5, Cd, 18-20
What are the permanent canine, feline, equine and camelid dental formulas?
- canine (42): I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4 , M 2/3
- feline (30): I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1
- equine: I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 3/3
- camelid: I 1/3, C 1/1, P 2/1, M 3/3
What passes through the supracondylar foramen in cats?
Median nerve and brachial artery
In the equine carpus, which two joints comminicate?
The middle carpal join and the carpometacarpal joint between carpal bone 3 and 4
In the equine carpal canal, the tendon sheath wraps what structures?
DDFT, SDFT, median palmar artery, median palmar nerve
Which joints in the tarsus communicate?
- talocrural and proximal intertarsal joints
- Distal ontertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints
Where is the supraspinous bursa located and what happens when this becomes infected?
T2/T3 - infection can lead to fistulous withers
Does the navicular bursa communiate with the distal interphalangeal joint?
No
What inervates the navicular?
The distal aspect of the medial palmar digital nerve and the lateral palmar digital nerve
Which view is best for viewing both the proximal and distal margins of the navicular bone?
The D65°Pr-PaDiO (‘high coronary view’)
Describe communication between the joints of the equine stifle
- NO communicatoon between the medial and lateral femorotibial joints
- 75% have communication between the femoropatellar and medial femortibial joints
- 25% have communication between the femoropatellar and lateral femerotibial joints
In the equine stilfe, in the medial or lateral trochlear ridge larger?
medial - projects more cranially on the LM view
What is the difference between the extensor fossa in equine and small animals?
- Equine: extensor fossa is origin for the peroneus tertius and the ling digital extensor
- Small animal: peroneus tertius is absent! Fossa is site of origin for the long digital extensor only
At the equine stifle, where do OC lesions occur - in order from most liekly to least likey?
Lateral trochlear ridge > medial trochlear ridge > trochlear groove (rare)
