anatomy

Question 1

what are the 5 arterial contributions to kiesselbachs plexus?

Answer 1

anterior ethmoidal artery
posterior ethmoidal artery
septal branch of superior labial artery
sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery

Question 2

which two nerves supply the nasal somatic sensation?

Answer 2

anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1, opthalmic)
nasopalatine nerve (V2, maxillary)

Question 3

name the 4 nasal meatuses?

Answer 3

spheno-ethmoidal recess
superior meatus
middle meatus
inferior meatus

Question 4

name the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 4

frontal (above the eye)
sphenoid (behind the eye)
maxillary (under the eye)
ehmhoidal (between the eyes)

Question 5

what drains into the superior, middle and inferior meatus? (1,3,1)

Answer 5

superior meatus drain: posterior ethmoidal cells
middle meatus drains: frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal cells
inferior meatus drain nasolacrimal ducts

Question 6

what drains into the middle meatus? 3

Answer 6

frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal cells (via semilunar haitus)

middle ethmoidal cells (via ethmoidal bulls)

Question 7

what drains via the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 7

sphenoid sinus

Question 8

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve (CNVII)

‘To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Answer 8

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular 
Cervical

Question 9

which nerves supply the external surface of the tympanic membrane (external acoustic meatus)?

Answer 9

3/4 = CNV3 (auricolo-temporal branch)

inferior 1/4: vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 10

which nerve supplies the entire internal surface of the tympanic membrane and the middle ear (tympanic cavity)?

Answer 10

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) via the tympanic plexus

Question 11

which nerve supplies the inner ear AND the tonsils/nasopharynx?

Answer 11

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) 
tonsillitis/pharyngitis can mimic otalgia

Question 12

name the 3 ossicles in the middle ear (tympanic cavity)?

Answer 12

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 13

name the two skeletal muscles in the middle ear (tympanic cavity)?

Answer 13

tensor tympani

stapedius

Question 14

what is the motor innervation of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles?

Answer 14

tensor tympani (CN V3)
stapedius (CNVII)

Question 15

the footplate of stapes connects with the oval/round window of the otic capsule?

Answer 15

oval window

Question 16

what is the function of tensor tympani?

Answer 16

dampens sound by reducing vibrations from the tympanic membrane
reduces noise from chewing

Question 17

function of the stapedius muscle?

Answer 17

dampens sound by reducing vibrations onto the oval window

Question 18

what is the function of the eustachian tube?

Answer 18

to equalize pressure so that atmospheric pressure = middle ear pressure
allows spread of infection from tonsils/pharynx to the middle ear

Question 19

what is the sensory innervation of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?

Answer 19

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) = nasopharynx & oropharynx

CN X (Vagus nerve) = laryngopharynx

Question 20

how can middle ear infection spread to the mastoid bone?

Answer 20

the mastoid antrum is continuous with the tympanic cavity via the mastoid auditis (opening) in the epitympanic recess

Question 21

what fluid is contained in the bony labrynth?

Answer 21

bony labrynth = the otic capsule

contains perilymph

Question 22

what fluid is located in the membranous labrynth?

Answer 22

endolymph

Question 23

what are the three parts of the otic capsule?

Answer 23

semi-circular canals, vestibule, cochlea

[oval/round windows]

Question 24

give a basic summary of the process of hearing?

Answer 24

sound waves cause vibration of the tympanic membrane
tapes footplate vibrates on the oval window and creates pressure waves in the perilymph
hair cells in the organ of corti (cochlea) send APs to the brain via the cochlear nerve (CNVIII)
pressure waves descent and become vibrations again
round window dampens the pressure waves

Question 25

there are two type of hearing, conductive and sensorineural. which parts of the hear are responsible for each?

Answer 25

external and middle ear: conductive

inner ear: sensorineural

Question 26

the semi-circular canals detect ____ movement. the utricle and saccule detect _____linear movement.

Answer 26

semi-circular canals detect angular movement
utricle & saccule detect linear movement

[utricle: horizontal movement
saccule: vertical movement]

Question 27

which two cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 27

CNVII (facial nerve)

CNVIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

Question 28

which foramen does the facial nerve (CNVII) leave the temporal bone?

Answer 28

stylomasoid foramen

Question 29

what is the chorda tympani?

Answer 29

a branch of the facial nerve (CNVII)

it joins with CNV3 and supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 30

which nerves make up the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 30

greater petrosal nerve (CNVII) and CNV2

Question 31

what is the course of the chorda tympani?

Answer 31

branches off CNVII at the facial canal.
courses between malleus and incus in the middle ear
leaves the tympanic cavity via the pterygotympanic fissure

Question 32

which sensory nerves are responsible for ‘taste’ in the tongue?

Answer 32

anterior 2/3: chrodatympany (CVII)
posterior 1/3: CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
pharynx: CN X (vagus)

Question 33

sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 33

taste: CNVII (chorda tympani)

general sensation: CNV3

Question 34

taste & general sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 34

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) - also supplies the middle ear (referred otaglia)

Question 35

which 3 of the 4 taste buds are responsible for taste?

Answer 35

fungiform, valliate, foliate

not filiform