Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 ways structures can enter/exit the orbit?
Optic canal (foramen) Superior + Inferior orbital fissure
What vessels are contained within the:
a) Optic canal?
b) Inf orbital fissure?
c) Nasolacrimal canal?
a) Optic nerve + ophthalmic artery
b) Zygomatic nerve, Infraorbital nerve + vessels
c) Nasolacrimal duct
What are the 7 extraocular muscles?
Levator palpebrae superiosis
Sup + Inf Oblique
Sup, Inf, Medial, Lateral Rectus
What cranial nerves innervate the extraocular muscles?
Sup Oblique - CN IV
Lat Rectus - CN VI
Rest are CN III
What part of the auricle/pinna is not supported by cartilage?
Lobule
Why are middle ear infections more common in children than adults?
Auditory tube is straighter and shorter in children
What is conduction deafness?
Obstructed/altered, transmission of sound to tympanic membrane/through ossicle chain of middle ear
How can conductive deafness be treated?
Medically/hearing aids
What is sensorineural deafness?
Damage to structures in inner ear/auditory nerve
What are the three subgroups of the muscles of the face?
Muscles of scalp, forehead, eyebrows
Muscles of mouth, lips, cheeks
Muscles of orbital openings
What are the 2 main nerves than innervate the face?
Trigeminal nerve - cutaneous/sensory
Facial nerve - motor innervation
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic- sensory
Maxillary - sensory
Mandibular - mixed
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Rare episodic facial pain, unilateral, electric-shock like
Provoked by light touch
What is the common cause of trigeminal neuralgia?
95% vascular compression of nerve root by basilar artery
What are the main compartments of the neck? Briefly what they contain
Visceral - ant, trachea + oesophagus
Vascular - x 2
Vertebral - pos, vertebrae and muscles
