Anatomy Flashcards
What nerve in the parotid area is affected in Frey’s syndrome?
Auriculotemporal branch of cranial nerve V
What occurs w/ injury to the buccal nerve?
Decreased sensation of the skin over the cheeks (not to be confused with buccal branch of the facial nerve)
What happens with injury to the mental nerve?
Decreased sensation to the front of the chin and lower lip
What is the function of the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerves?
Sensory nerves that supply sensation to the zygomatic arch and upper cheek
In what direction do lymphatics tend to drain?
Medial to lateral, and cephalad to caudad
What areas do the postauricular lymph nodes drain?
Posterior ear, parietal and mastoid scalp
What lymph node basin would the pre-auricular or anterior ear drain to?
Parotid or preauricular basin
Where does the occipital scalp drain to (lymph node basin)?
The occipital basin
Where does the nasal sidewall drain to (lymph node basin)?
Submental basin
What nerves innervate the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Temporal and superior zygomatic (upper portion) and the inferior zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (inferior portion)
What nerve innervates the frontalis muscle?
Temporal branch of the facial nerve
What muscles does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?
Risorius, buccinator, levator muscles of the mouth, nasalis, orbicularis oris, and procerus
What muscles does the marginal mandibular branch innervate?
Depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, and mentalis
What muscles does the zygomatic branch innervate?
- Obicularis oculi
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
What is the innervation of the conchal bowl?
Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X (ring blocks wont get this area)
What sensory nerve innervates the majority of the posterior ear?
Greater auricular nerve
What nerve innervates the majority of the helix/antihelix?
The greater auricular nerve (the auriculotemporal nerve is the upper quadrant of the ear if looking at it head-on…area medial to the mid superior helix and above the mid tragus)
A ring block around the ear will numb all of the ear except for what?
The external auditory canal and the concha
What muscle leads to “bunny lines”? What is its innervation?
Procerus, innervated by zygomatic branch of the facial nerve
What is the primary muscle that moves the eyebrows up and down? What is its innervation?
Frontalis muscle
What muscles are primarily involved in scowling and what is their innervation?
Corrugator supercilii, innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve
What muscles are the main contributors to smile and what is the innervation?
Zygomaticus major/minor and
Major: Buccal and zygomatic branches
Minor: just buccal branch of facial nerves
What muscle closes the eyelid?
Obicularis occuli (upper portion), innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve
What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and its innervation?
Elevate the eyelid (involved in ptosis if botox diffusion gets to it), innervated by CN III
What muscles does the trigeminal nerve innervate?
Muscles of mastication: Masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid
The function can come back after injury to which branches of the facial nerve?
Buccal and zygomatic (have extensive rami and cross innervation)
What is the innervation of the procerus muscle?
Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve
What nerve from the cervical plexus innervates the anterior neck?
Transverse cervical
What nerve from the cervical plexus innervates the anterior and posterior lobules of the ear and the skin over the mastoid process?
The greater auricular nerve
What nerve innervates the lateral arch of the plantar foot?
The sural nerve (plantar)
What nerve innervates the medial upper quadrant of the plantar surface of the foot and the medial 3 toes (big, second and half of 3rd) on the plantar surface?
The medial plantar nerve, which is a terminal branch of the posterior tibial nerve
What nerve is susceptible to injury from surgeries on the lateral leg?
The common peroneal nerve as it wraps superficially around the head of the fibula
Which muscle supplied by facial nerve VII is the only one that is supplied from the superficial side of the muscle rather than the deep side?
Buccinator
What nerve supplies the heel of the foot?
The calcaneal nerve, branch of the posterior tibial nerve
What 3 nerves must be blocked for a nerve block of the plantar foot?
Posterior tibial (just behind the medial malleolus), sural nerve (posterior to the lateral malleolus), and saphenous (above the medial malleolus)
What nerve innervates the majority of the dorsal skin on the foot?
Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
Which nerve supplies sensation to the tragus of the ear?
Auriculotemporal
What nerve supplies innervation to the posterior lateral portion of the dorsal foot and lateral malleolus?
Saphenous nerve
What muscles are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii
Which of the named facial vessels are derived from the internal carotid artery?
Supratrochlear, supraorbital, palpebral, dorsal nasal, lacrimal arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery which comes from internal carotid artery… others (angular for example) are from the external carotid artery
Where would an anesthetic be placed for a median nerve block?
Between the bodies of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum produndus
