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DENA 120 Final Exam > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

curve of spee

A

Curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion (like a smile)

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2
Q

embrasure

A

Triangular space in a gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth

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3
Q

can tissue damage re-grow itself in the mouth?

A

no

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4
Q

height of contour

A

the widest part of the tooth (“hips”)

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5
Q

occlusion

A

the meeting of the maxillary and mandibular arches, biting down

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6
Q

centric occlusion

A

the jaws are closed in a position that produces maximum contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth (class 1 occlusion)

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7
Q

class 1 occlusion is considered to be:

A

normal, and ideal occlusion. can be called neutroclusion or centric occlusion

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8
Q

class 2 occlusion is considered to be:

A

distocclusion, maxillary arch is slightly further ahead of the mandibular arch

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9
Q

class 3 occlusion is considered to be:

A

mesiocclusion, mandibular arch sticks out further than the maxillary arch

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10
Q

Overjet and Overbite

A

overjet (div. 1): excessive protrusion of the maxillary incisors

overbite (div. 2): increased vertical overlap of maxillary incisors

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11
Q

Overjet and overbite generally fall under which class of occlusion/malocclusion?

A

Class 2

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12
Q

how is overjet measured?

A

with a probe (also used for sulcus), and measured in millimeters

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13
Q

how is overbite measured?

A

in degrees: <50% - moderate, >50% severe

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14
Q

malocclusion

A

any deviation in the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth

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15
Q

angle’s classifications of malocclusion

A

system developed to describe & classify occlusion and malocclusion

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16
Q

class 2 occlusion can also be called

A

distoclusion

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17
Q

class 3 occlusion can also be called

A

mesioclusion

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18
Q

torsoversion

A

turning of a tooth on its long axis out of normal position

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19
Q

mesioversion

A

mesial position of tooth from normal

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20
Q

distoversion

A

distal position of tooth from normal

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21
Q

linguoversion

A

lingual position of tooth from normal

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22
Q

labioversion/buccoversion

A

tooth is displaced toward lip or cheek

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23
Q

supraversion

A

tooth extended out from socket

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24
Q

infraversion

A

tooth pushed into socket

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25
Q

transversion

A

tooth erupted into another’s spot

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26
Q

anterior cross-bite

A

One or more of the upper anterior teeth close inside the lower anterior teeth when teeth are occluded

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27
Q

posterior cross-bite

A

One or more of the upper posterior teeth close inside the lower posterior teeth when teeth are occluded

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28
Q

edge to edge bite

A

Incisal surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth meet the incisal surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth (malocclusion!!)

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29
Q

end to end bite

A

molars and premolars occlude cusp to cusp rather than cusp to fossa

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30
Q

open bite

A

anterior teeth do not occlude

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31
Q

attrition

A

natural wearing down of teeth

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32
Q

Who is credited with first discovering x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

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33
Q

does kilovoltage refer to quantity or quality?

A

quality

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34
Q

How many weeks does it take for an embryo to develop all of their primary teeth?

A

17 weeks (~4 months)

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35
Q

what are the 3 key components to positioning an x-ray receptor when taking a bitewing?

A

1) vertical angulation (+10 always!!)
2) horizontal angulation (positioned between the 4&5 or 6&7)
3) centre receptor (line on receptor should be in line w/ the occlusal plane)

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36
Q

does milliamperage refer to quantity or quality?

A

quantity

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37
Q

define radiology and explain its purpose in relation to dentistry:

A

study of radiation as used in medical sciences → used for diagnosis/treatment of disease

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38
Q

What are atoms?

A

basic unit of matter

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39
Q

Which primary tooth is the first to erupt?

A

the central incisors (max. or mand. though generally mand.)

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40
Q

Which permanent tooth is the first to erupt?

A

1st molar or central incisors

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41
Q

how does an increase of kVp effect contrast?

A

high kVp = low contrast

42
Q

dental radiographer

A

any person who positions, exposes, and processes x-ray film

43
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that takes up space and has a mass

44
Q

When does the stomodeum form?

A

week 4

45
Q

What 3 things must be present for a cavity to occur?

A

1) fermentable carbs
2) susceptible tooth
3) bacteria (mutans streptococci/lactobacillus)

46
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body into left and right

47
Q

what are the four basic components of film?

A

1) Film base
2) Adhesive layer
3) Film emulsion
4) Protective layer

48
Q

give 3 examples of things that can be determined by taking & reviewing a pt.’s radiographs?

A
  • Detect lesions
  • Confirm/classify suspected disease
  • Localize lesions or foreign objects
  • Provide information during dental procedures
  • Evaluate growth and development
  • Illustrate changes to caries, periodontal disease, trauma
  • Document the condition of a patient
  • Aid in the development of a clinical treatment plan
  • Forensic identification/evidence
49
Q

a) what are electrons?
b) what are neutrons?
c) what are protons?

A

all atomic particles !!!

a) negative charge
b) neutral
c) positive charge

50
Q

Which two bacteria are associated with caries?

A

mutans streptococci and lactobacillus

51
Q

which type of film has only one sided emulsion?

A

Duplicating film

52
Q

what is looked for in bitewing radiographs?

A

used to determine bone levels and identify interproximal caries

53
Q

midsagittal plane

A

equal division into left and right

54
Q

an atom is composed of which two parts?

A

a nucleus and orbiting electrons (orbit)

55
Q

What minerals are lost during the process of demineralization?

A

calcium and phosphorus

56
Q

which type of film has double sided emulsion?

A

regular film

57
Q

when would a vertical bitewing be preferable to a horizontal bitewing?

A

when the pt. has excessive bone loss (vertical allows for more of the bone/tooth’s roots to be visible)

58
Q

what is a molecule?

A

2+ atoms held together by a chemical bond

59
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior

60
Q

What minerals are added to the tooth during the process of re-mineralization?

A

calcium, phosphorus and fluoride

61
Q

axial/transverse plane

A

divides body into superior and inferior

62
Q

electrostatic force

A

the forces acting between two charged objects (maintains electrons in their orbit)

63
Q

what is looked for in periapical radiographs?

A

the apex of a tooth and the surrounding bone

64
Q

define duplicating film

A

“film” which is run through a “duplicator” → duplicates an x-ray image

65
Q

What are incipient caries?

A

caries which have begun to form/may occur

66
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Radiation that is capable of

producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom (positively or negatively charged atom)

67
Q

what is the difference between screen film and non-screen film?

A

screen film is more more sensitive → less radiation needed

68
Q

what makes up the axial portion of body?

A

head, neck and trunk (spinal cord)

69
Q

what is looked for in panoramic radiographs?

A

used to see the overall view of the oral cavity, includes both max. and mand. arches

70
Q

What are overt/frank caries?

A

holes which form in the tooth structure from incipient caries

71
Q

What is the term for a positively charged atom? what about a negatively charged atom?

A

cation (+ve) anion (-ve)

72
Q

define film emulsion

A

a homogenous coating with a mixture of gelatin
and silver halide crystals attached to both sides
of the film base

73
Q

what makes up the appendicular portion of the body?

A

arms and legs

74
Q

when and why are FMS/FMX radiographs taken? how many are generally taken?

A
  • generally taken every 5yrs.
  • approx. 18 films, includes bitewings (H&V) and periapical for the full dentition
  • used to examine all the teeth & surrounding structures
75
Q

What are rampant caries?

A

multiple lesions in the mouth, extreme caries

76
Q

atoms can exist in which two states?

A

electrically unbalanced or neutral

77
Q

ventral vs dorsal

A

front vs back

78
Q

what is looked for in occlusal radiographs?

A

large areas of the max. or mand. in one film —> can detect eruption patterns, supernumerary teeth, retained roots, salivary stones, or foreign objects

79
Q

define latent image

A

the invisible pattern of energy stored by silver halide crystals

80
Q

What can cause rampant caries?

A

poor oral hygiene, baby bottle syndrome, bulimia etc.

81
Q

what is looked for in cephalometric radiographs? which speciality generally uses these?

A

taken for orthodontics, provides a view of the full skull/head and neck

82
Q

Particulate radiation

A

tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight line

83
Q

mesial

A

towards midline

84
Q

what roles do developer and fixer play in the processing of film?

A
  • Developer: softens the emulsion

- Fixer: hardens the emulsion to avoid damage

85
Q

What are recurrent caries?

A

caries which appear under an older restoration

86
Q

lateral

A

away from midline (right or left)

87
Q

what are PAs used for?

A

used to examine the entire tooth and supporting bone, includes the apex & 2-3mm deeper

88
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

propagation of wavelike energy, without mass

89
Q

TMJ radiographs are taken to:

A

further examine a pt.’s TMJ area

90
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

dry mouth syndrome

91
Q

periapical sizing:

A

0 - children
1 - anterior adult teeth
2 - standard or posterior adult

92
Q

What are the 4 types of particulate radiation?

A
  • Alpha particles
  • Electrons (emitted as Beta particles or Cathode rays
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
93
Q

what is the primary benefit of taking radiographs? do the benefits outweigh the risks?

A
  • taken to identify conditions that may otherwise go undetected, and to see conditions that cannot be identified clinically.
  • BENEFITS OUTWEIGH RISKS !!!
94
Q

proximal

A

close to a point of attachment

95
Q

List 4 types of soft deposits?

A
  • food debris
  • acquired pellicle
  • biofilm (plaque)
  • materia alba
96
Q

explain the difference between cathode rays and beta particles in reference to electrons

A
  • Beta particles:
    fast moving
    electrons emitted from the nucleus or radioactive atoms
  • Cathode rays:
    streams of high
    speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube
97
Q

what are some of the skills/requirements of a CDA in relation to dental radiography?

A
  • Basic understanding of radiation history
  • Working knowledge of radiation physics, characteristics, biology and protection
  • Familiar with dental x-ray equipment, film, image characteristics, processing, and quality assurance (ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable)
  • Patient management basics
  • Technique concepts and technical skills
98
Q

bitewings sizing:

A

0 - children
2 - standard adult
3 - also used for adult’s posterior bitewings

99
Q

distal

A

away from a point of attachment

100
Q

What is the most common hard deposit found in the mouth?

A

calculus (tartar)

DENA 120 Final Exam (2 decks)

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