Anatomy Flashcards
List the types of bones found in the body and an example of each
Long bones, e.g. humerus;
Short bones, e.g. carpals and tarsals;
Flat bones, e.g. scapula, some skull bones;
Irregular bones, e.g. vertebrae, some skull bones; Sesamoid bones, e.g. patella, fabellae.
What is the difference between compact and spongy bone and where are they found?
Compact bone - dense, outer region of diaphysis of long bone.
Spongy bone - 3D lattice formed by bony trabeculae INSIDE the outer compact bone, spaces created by trabeculae are filled with marrow.
What is the perichondrium of hyaline cartilage and why does it need it?
Perichondrium is vascular connective tissue, hyaline cartilage needs this for the provision of nutrients and oxygen to the chondrocytes, as hyaline cartilage has no blood capillaries.
What is a moveable joint?
A synovial join
What part of the bone moves with another bone in a synovial joint?
The articular surface
What is articular cartilage?
It is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surface of a bone. It is anti-concussive.
What’s the difference between articular cartilage and hyaline cartilage found elsewhere?
There is no perichondrium connected to articular cartilage, because this would reduce the effectiveness of its anti-concussive properties.
What is synovial fluid and what function does it serve?
It is the fluid within synovial joints. It originates from blood capillaries in the synovial membrane of the synovial joint. It provides nutrients to the articular cartilage via diffusion.
How many centres of ossification does a long vs short bone arise from?
Three vs One
The long bone has one ___ and distal and proximal _____ and ____
One diaphysis, one distal epiphysis and metaphysis, one proximal epiphysis and metaphysis
What is the epiphyseal plate?
Growth plate found in immature bone
Are there any long bones in the skull?
No
Are there any long bones in the digits?
Yes, the proximal, middle and distal phalanges
What is the marrow cavity?
The medullary cavity. The site of red and granular white blood cells during development (red marrow), later the site of fat (yellow marrow).
How are short bones arranged and why?
In rows, to allow for side-to-side movement on each other, spreading out concussion travelling up the limb, and allow for other more complex movements.
