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Neuro Year 2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

2 divisions of the autonomic NS

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

2 divisions of the PNS

A

Sensory

Motor

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3
Q

2 divisions of the motor division of PNS

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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4
Q

2 main types of cells in the CNS

A

Neurones

Glial cells

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5
Q

Job of neurones

A

Structural and functional unit

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6
Q

What do neurons carry?

A

Impulses in the form of APs

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7
Q

Describe the nucleus of a neuron

A

Loose chromatin

Prominent nucleus

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8
Q

Organelles in a neuron

A

Mitrochondria
Rough ER
Diffuse Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

Type of cytoplasm in a neuronal cell body

A

Perikaryon

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10
Q

Type of cytoplasm in axons

A

Axoplasm

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11
Q

How does a myelin sheath increase conduction speed

A

By saltatory conduction

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12
Q

What is a myelin sheath made up of?

A

Schwann cells

Oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Multipolar
-relay

Bipolar

  • olfactory mucosa
  • retinal nerve fibres
  • motor

Pseudounipolar
-sensory neurone

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14
Q

What’re glial cells?

A

Non excitable supporting cells

Much smaller than neurones

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15
Q

What does the blood brain barrier do?

A

A protective mechanism used to maintain a stable environment by preventing the entry of harmful amino acids and ions in the blood stream from entering the brain

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16
Q

What type of endothelium is in the blood brain barrier

A

Tight junction

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17
Q

Where is the blood brain barrier absent?

A

Parts of the hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
(Some of the circumventricular organs)

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18
Q

Purpose of the Interventricular foramen?

A

Connects lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle

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19
Q

Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?

A

Midbrain

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20
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle lie?

A

Hindbrain

21
Q

Shape of the 4th ventricle

A

Diamond

22
Q

Order of the meninges going from extracranial to intracranial

A

Dura
Pia
Arachnoid

23
Q

Where is CSF contained?

A

Subarachnoid space

24
Q

How is CSF formed?

A

Choroid plexus in each ventricle

25
Q

How does CSF get absorbed and where doe sit get absorbed?

A

Arachnoid villi into saggital sinus (venous channel in brain)

26
Q

Which fibres cross over in the visual pathway

A

Nasal

Temporal fibres don’t

27
Q

What happens when optic radiation is damaged?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

28
Q

What happens if the optic chiasma is disrupted?

A

Bitemporal hemaniopia

29
Q

What’s the primary motor cortex?

A

The somatopic representation of contralateral side of the body

30
Q

What’s area 44/45?

A

Broca’s area of motor speech

31
Q

whats the prefrontal cortex’s job?

A

Cognitive functions of higher order intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

32
Q

What areas are the primary sensory area?

A

3,2,1

33
Q

What does the primary sensory area do?

A

Receives general sensation of from contralateral side of the body

34
Q

What’s the superior parietal lobe’s job?

A

Interpretation of general sensory info and conscious awareness of the contralateral side of the body

35
Q

What’s the job of the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association layers
In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions

36
Q

What can a parietal lobe lesion lead to?

A

Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia

37
Q

What are areas 41/42?

A

Superior temporal gyrus

-primary auditory complex

38
Q

Posterior to 41,42 is what?

A

Auditory association areas

In the dominant hemisphere it’s crucial for understanding the spoken word

39
Q

What does the inferior surface of the temporal lobe do?

A

Receives fibres from olfactory tract

Conscious appreciation of smell

40
Q

What’s the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

41
Q

What’s area 17?

A

Primary visual complex

  • medial surface of the occipital lobe
  • either side of the calcine sulcus
42
Q

What’s the limbic lobe involved in?

A

Memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

43
Q

What’s aphasia?

A

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas of the brain

44
Q

What’re the 3 types of white matter bundled together in myelinated tracts?

A

Comisural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres

45
Q

What do commisural fibres do?

A

Connect corresponding areas of the 2 hemispheres

46
Q

What do association fibres do?

A

Connect one part of the cortex with another

47
Q

What’re the basal ganglia made up of?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

48
Q

What’s the lentiform nucleus made up of?

A

Putamen laterally

Globus pallidus medially

Neuro Year 2 (6 decks)

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