anatomy Flashcards
Osteology
study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones
Primary functions of the skeletal system
- gives shape and support to the body
- protect internal organs
- attachments for muscles
- movement
- produce red and white blood cells in marrow
- store minerals
Bones of the arm and hands
Humerus Ulna Radius Carpus Metacarpus Phalanges
bones of the leg
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Ankle: tibia, fibula, talus
Myology
Striated
Nonstriated
Cardiac
M- study of the structure, function, and diseases of muscles
S- voluntary
N- Involuntary
C- involuntary muscle that is the heart
Muscle Tissue Stimulation
Massage Electrical Current Infared Light dry or moist heat nerve impulses
Muscles that attach the arms to the body
Latissimusdorsi
Pectoralismajor
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Forearm muscles
Extensors
Flexors
Pronator
Supinator
Muscles of the lower leg and foot
- Extensordigitorumlongus
- Tibialisanterior
- Peroneuslongus
- Peroneusbrevis
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
Muscles of the foot
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Flexordigitorumbrevis
- Abductorhallucis
- Abductordigitiminimi
Neurology
Scientific study of structure, function, and pathology of nervous system.
- Centralnervoussystem
- Peripheralnervoussystem
- Autonomicnervoussystem
CNS- brain and spinal cord
PNS- nerves leading to limbs and extremities
ANS- emerges from spinal cord, in control of internal organs
Brain and spinal cord facts
- brain weighs less than 3 pounds
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves
- spinal cord originates in the brain
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Types of Nerves
- Sensory(afferent)
- Motor (efferent)
- Reflex
Nerves of the arm and hand
- Digitalnerve
- Radial nerve
- Median nerve
- Ulnar nerve
2 divisions of the circulatory system
Bloodvascularsystem
– Heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries
Lymph vascular system
– Lymph spaces, lymph vessels, and lymph
nodes
(Lymph
– Clear fluid that circulates in lymphatics of the body, part of immune system contains white blood cells)
The four heart chambers and valves
• Right and left atrium – Upper, thin-walled chambers – Blood is pumped to the ventricles • Right and left ventricle – Lower, thick-walled chambers • Valves – Temporarily close a passage or permit flow in only one direction
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
PC- sends blood from heart to lungs
SC- sends blood from heart thru body
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
A- carry blood away from heart
C- connect small arteries to veins
V- prevent back flow and carry blood containing waste back to the heart and lungs
Blood facts
- Nutritivefluid
- 8 to 10 pints in adults
- 1/20th of body weight
- 80% water
- Sticky, salty fluid
- Temperature of 98.6 degrees F
- Bright red in arteries (except pulmonary) • Dark red in veins
Composition of the blood
– Red blood cells (contain hemoglobin)
– White blood cells (leukocytes)
– Platelets (smaller than red blood cells; contribute to blood-clotting process)
– Plasma (90 percent water with proteins and sugars)
Functions of the blood
– Carries water, oxygen, and food to cells
– Carries away carbon dioxide and waste
– Helps equalize body temperature
– Works with immune system for protection
– Seals leaks by forming clots
