Anatomy 8 Flashcards
Why do the brain, heart, liver and kidneys have such a good blood supply?
These organs have a high metabolic rate compared with other structures such as skeletal muscles and adipose tissue.
What happens if blood flow to the brain is impaired?
If blood flow to the brain is impaired brain cells will start to die, which is a stroke, also called a cerebrovascular incident (CVI).
Depending on the severity this can cause headache, one sided paralysis (facial weakness, arm weakness) speech problems, walking problems, memory problems, vision impairment, coma, death.
What happens if blood flow to the liver is impaired? What is this condition called? What can cause this? What is the prognosis?
This is called Hepatic ischemia and it injures liver cells. Damage to the liver cells usually does not cause symptoms, but blood clots in the liver’s main artery may cause abdominal pain.
Hepatic ischemia can be caused by low blood pressure, blood clots or swelling affecting the arteries to the liver. Patients generally recover if the illness causing hepatic ischemia can be treated. Death from liver failure due to hepatic ischemia is very rare.
What happens if blood flow to the heart is impaired?
Reduced bloodflow to the heart can cause angina pain upon exertion, angina pain at rest, or in the worst case, an MI causing cardiac arrest.
Which Blood vessels supply the Right Atrium of the heart?
Which veins empty directly into the right atrium of the heart, and what do they drain?
The right atrium is fed by the right coronary artery (RCA)
The right atrium is drained partly by the small cardiac vein
The anterior cardiac veins drain the surface of the right ventricle and empty directly into the right atrium.
The coronary sinus also empties directly into the right atrium - this received blood from all the heart except the surface of the right ventricle.
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the Right Ventricle of the heart?
The right ventricle is fed by the right coronary artery (RCA) via the marginal and posterior descending branches.
The right ventricle is drained by the anterior cardiac veins, which drain directly into the right atrium.
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the Left Atrium of the heart?
The left atrium is fed by the Left Coronary Artery (LCA), which branches into the circumflex artery, which gives off a left atrial branch.
The left atrium is drained by the Oblique vein, which empties into the coronary sinus.
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the Left Ventricle of the heart?
The left ventricle is fed by the left coronary artery (LCA) via its two main branches, the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery.
The left ventricle is drained by the posterior vein of the left ventricle and the great cardiac vein.
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the interventricular septum?
Most blood supply (60-90%) to the interventricular septum is from the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) via one of its branches, the anterior interventricular artery. The rest comes from the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) via one of its branches: the posterior interventricular artery.
Most blood drains to the anterior interventricular vein (Great cardiac vein), the remainder drains to the posterior interventricular vein (Middle cardiac vein).
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the SA node?
The SA node is supplied by the SA nodal artery. In 60% of patients, the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) supplies the SA nodal artery, in the remaining 40% the circumflex branch of the Left Coronary Artery supplies it.
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the AV node?
The atrioventricular nodal branch supplies the AV node.
This is usually a branch of the right coronary artery (RCA), but occasionally receives blood from the circumflex branch of left coronary artery (LCA).
Which Blood vessels supply and drain the bundle of His?
The atrioventricular nodal branch supplies the AV node and the bundle of His. This is usually a branch of the right coronary artery (RCA), but occasionally receives blood from the circumflex branch of left coronary artery (LCA).
How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive at rest?
What is the name of the arteries that feed the kidneys, and at what vertebral level do they branch from the abdominal aorta?
The kidneys receive about 25% of the cardiac output at rest.
The renal arteries feed the kidneys, and they arise at vertebral level L1-L2.
Where do the internal carotid arteries arise? Where do they enter the skull?
Where do the vertebral arteries arise? Where do they enter the skull?
The internal carotid arteries arise from the common carotid arteries which bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries, around the level of C3. The internal carotid arteries proceed superiorly to the base of the skull where they enter the carotid canal.
The vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian arteries. They pass superiorly through the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae and enter the skull at the foramen magnum
