Anatomy Flashcards
Glenoid retroverted approximately?
5 Degrees relative to scapular plane
What separates the suprascapular artery (superior) from the suprascapular nerve (inferior)?
superior transverse scapular ligament
An important anterosuperior restraint and should be preserved with irreparable cuff tears to prevent
anterosuperior escape.?
Coracoacromial ligament
First bone to ossify (at 5 weeks’ gestation?
Clavicle
The last bone to fuse?
Clavicle, medial epiphysis at 25 years of age
If you repair anterosuperior glenoid labral variants, what movement loss is pronounced?
loss of external rotation can result
Humeral head height is approximately………………………. superior border of ……………………………….. (important for arthroplasty)
Humeral head height is approximately 5.6 cm above superior border of pectoralis major tendon (important for arthroplasty)
Trapezoid ligament (anterolateral) and conoid ligament (posteromedial) approximately …………..
…………..respectively, from AC
join
Trapezoid ligament (anterolateral) and conoid ligament (posteromedial) approximately 25 and 45 mm, respectively, from AC join
Glenohumeral and scapulothoracic motion with arm elevation ratio?
2:1
Main function of Rotator cuff?
Rotator cuff depresses and stabilizes the humeral head against the glenoid.
primary static stabilizer to valgus stress at the elbow?
Ulnar collateral ligament (especially anterior band)
Which ligament mainly implicated in Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) of elbow?
lateral ulnar collateral (LUCL)
Main priniciple of radial shaft fractures ?
Restoration of radial bow
What is the Space of Poirier?
central weak area in the floor of carpal tunnel that is implicated in lunate volar dislocation in perilunate injuries of
the wrist
Guyon canal:
contains ulnar nerve and artery; borders are flexor retinaculum (deep), volar carpal ligament (superficial), pisiform
(ulnar/proximal), hook of hamate (radial/distal).
most important finger pulleys?
A2 pulley, overlying the proximal phalanx, is the most critical to function, followed by A4, which covers the middle phalanx.
Medial winging:
long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) injury leading to serratus anterior dysfunction
Lateral winging:
spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) injury leading to trapezius dysfunction
Preclavicular brachial plexus branches:
dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, suprascapular nerve, nerve to subclavius
The radial nerve traverses the radial groove in the posterior humerus approximately ……….medial epicondyle and …………………. from lateral
epicondyle.
The radial nerve traverses the radial groove in the posterior humerus approximately 20 cm from medial epicondyle and 14 cm from lateral
epicondyle.
The Ulnar nerve passes from the anterior compartment of the arm to the posterior by ………………..
piercing through the medial intermuscular septum at the arcade of Struthers (8-10 cm from the medial
epicondyle)
The ulnar nerve splits the two heads of the …………. as it enters the forearm, and the median nerve splits the two heads of the ………………………..
The ulnar nerve splits the two heads of the FCU as it enters the forearm, and the median nerve splits the two heads of the pronator
teres.
Continuation of the Musculocutaneous nerve and lies lateral to cephalic vein and emerges between biceps and brachialis.?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Digital arteries arise from
superficial palmar arch and run dorsal to the digital nerves.
Median nerve sites of potential compression:
ligament of Struthers, pronator teres, FDS aponeurosis, bicipital aponeurosis, accessory
head of FPL, carpal tunne
AIN syndrome is?
motor only with no sensory symptoms.
Ulnar nerve sites of potential compression:
arcade of Struthers, medial intermuscular septum, cubital tunnel, medial epicondyle, two
heads of FCU, anconeus epitrochlearis, Guyon canal
ulnar paradox?
More clawing with distal ulnar nerve compression as FDP function to ring and small maintained
Radial nerve sites of potential compression:
fibrous bands at elbow joint, recurrent leash of Henry, ECRB, arcade of Frohse, supinator
………………………… the forearm during lateral approach to elbow/posterior approach to forearm to move the PIN anteriorly and radially.
Pronate the forearm during lateral approach to elbow/posterior approach to forearm to move the PIN anteriorly and radially.
……………………… the forearm during anterior approach to forearm to move PIN posteriorly and laterally.
Supinate the forearm during anterior approach to forearm to move PIN posteriorly and laterally.