Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system is located in what cavity

A

abdomino-pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of the urinary system (4)

A

Kidneys
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kidneys vertebral level

A

T12-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The kidneys lie in what space on either side of the posterior abdominal wall

A

paravertebral gutters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The hilum of the kidney lies at what vertebral level

A

transpyloric plane - L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which kidney is higher + why

A

Left - because liver pressing down on right kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 layers covering the kidney from inner to outer

A

Fibrous renal capsule
Fatty renal capsule (perirenal fat)
Renal fascia - fibrofatty tissue
Pararenal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Posterior relations of the kidneys (5)

A 
Diaphragm
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum 
Transversus abdominis
Ribs 11-12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diaphragm lies where in relation to kidneys

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diaphragm lies posterior to kidneys so what effect does it have on the kidneys during inspiration and expiration

A

they move down during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerves are posterior to the kidneys so need to be careful of these when operating

A

Subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior relations of the right (4) and left kidney (5)

A

Right

  • liver
  • adrenal gland
  • duodenum
  • ascending colon

Left

  • adrenal gland
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • pancreas
  • jejunum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Retroperitoneal means peritoneum only covers what surface

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of kidneys

A

Sympathetic
-T12-L1 thoracic splanchnic nerves which synapse at coeliac ganglion

Parasympathetic
-vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the kidneys

A

para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries at L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name some congenital abnormalities of the kidneys (3)

A

Horseshoe kidney
Duplicated ureter
Pelvic kidney - kidney fails to ascend, remains in pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reason for horseshoe kidney embryologically

A

kidneys become too close together during their ascent from the pelvis to the abdomen and inferior poles fuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reason for duplicated ureter embryologically

A

Duplication of ureteric bud of of the mesonephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Histology of renal cortex is characteristic because of presence of what circular structures

A

glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renal cortex contains (3)

A

renal corpuscle - glomerulus + bowman’s capsule
PCT
DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Renal medulla contains (2)

A

loop of henle

collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Arterial supply of the kidneys

A

Renal artery (left and right)

  • which divides into segmental branches once it enters hilum
  • each segmental artery divides a further 4 times
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structures at renal hilum

A

renal vein
renal artery
renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Length of left renal vein compared to right

A

left is longer because it has travel anterior to aorta to reach the IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Length of right renal artery compared to left

A

right is longer as it travels posterior to IVC to reach aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Right renal artery in where in relation to IVC

A

Posterior

27
Q

Left renal vein is where in relation to aorta

A

anterior

28
Q

What vein travels up from pelvis to drain into the left renal vein

A

left testicular vein in males

left ovarian vein in females

29
Q

Left testicular/ovarian vein drains into left renal vein

Right testicular/ovarian vein drains into

A

IVC

30
Q

Peritonisation of ureter

A

retroperitoneal

31
Q

As the ureter descends, they run anterior to what muscle

A

psoas major

32
Q

Renal pelvis is formed through the merging of a few

A

major calyces

33
Q

Major calyces are formed throughout he merging of a few

A

minor calyces

34
Q

Each major calyx is indented by the apex of the renal pyramid known as the

A

renal papilla

35
Q

As the ureters descend, they run along what the tips of what processes

A

transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

36
Q

In males, what vessel crosses the ureter superiorly/anteriorly

A

vas deferens

37
Q

In females, what vessel crosses the ureter superiorly

A

uterine artery

38
Q

3 constrictions of the ureter

A

Junction of ureter and pelvis
When it crosses the pelvic brim where the common iliac bifurcate
When it enters the bladder wall (vesicoureteric junction)

39
Q

Venous drainage of kidneys

A

Renal veins (left and right) –> drain into IVC

40
Q

Urethra exits which part of bladder

A

neck

41
Q

Apex of the urinary bladder is connected to umbilicus by what

A

Median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)

42
Q

Internally, the 3 orifices of the bladder (formed by the right and left ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice) form what feature

A

trigone (a triangular area located within the fundus (base) that has smooth walls comapared to rest)

43
Q

Bladder make of what muscle

A

smooth muscle (Detrusor muscle)

44
Q

Bony joint anterior to the apex of the urinary bladder

A

pubic symphysis

45
Q

Peritonisation of bladder

A

Extraperitoneal, i.e. not in the peritoneal cavity

It’s in the pelvic cavity below so peritoneum covers superior surface of bladder only

46
Q

Arterial supply of bladder

A

branches of internal iliac artery

47
Q

Venous drainage of bladder

A

vesical venous plexus

48
Q

Innervation of bladder

  • sympathetic (to detrusor muscle and internal urethral sphincter)
  • parasympathetic (to detrusor muscle)
  • somatic (to external urethral sphincter)
A

Sympathetic
-hypogastric nerve (T12-L2)

Parasympathetic
-pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4)

Somatic to external sphincter
-pudenal nerve (S2-S4)

49
Q

Lymphatic drainage of bladder (3)

A

superior surface - external iliac lymph nodes

fundus - internal iliac lymph nodes

Neck - sacral or common iliac lymph nodes

50
Q

What epithelium lines the bladder and ureter

A

transitional

51
Q

Function of transitional epithelium lining bladder and ureter

A

readily stretches to accommodate volume increase

52
Q

Ureters enter pelvis as they cross

A

the pelvic brim (where common iliac a bifurcates)

53
Q

Renal pelvis is derived embryologically from what

A

ureteric bud

54
Q

What tissue make sup renal fascia

A

fibrofatty tissue

55
Q

Name the tubular structures that pass the ureter anteriorly

A

vas defers

uterine artery

56
Q

Structures passing through transpyloric plane (6)

A 
Hilum of kidney
L1
Pylorus of stomach
Neck of pancreas
Fundus of gallbladder
SMA
57
Q

Arterial supply of the ureters

A

Abdominal part of ureter - renal artery and testicular/ovarian

Pelvic part - branches of internal iliac a (superior/inferior vesical a)

58
Q

Venous drainage of ureters

A

Corresponds to arterial supply so

abdominal part - renal vein, testicular/ovarian vein

Pelvic part - superior/inferior vesical veins

59
Q

Why would blockage to one of the segmental arteries supplying the kidneys cause necrosis

A

Because the segmental arteries do NOT anastomose

60
Q

The reflection of the peritoneum from the rectum to the posterior bladder wall (in males) and the posterior uterine wall (in females) forms what space

A

rectovesical pouch

rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

where infection and fluids can collect

61
Q

Name the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

Intramural (preprostatic)
Prostatic
Intermediate (membranous)
Spongy (penile)

62
Q

Most dilated part of the male urethra

A

prostatic part

63
Q

Narrowest part of urethra

A

Intermediate (membranous) part

Year 2 - Renal (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions