Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What’s this?

A

Retroperitoneal space

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2
Q

Identify those 4 strucutres

A
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3
Q

What’s that?

A

Peritoneum

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4
Q

What’s that?

A

Fibrous Renal capsule: Completely invest kidneys

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5
Q

What’s that?

A

Perirenal (Perinephric) fat: extraperitoneal fat, Outside renal capsule surrounding the kidneys

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6
Q

What’s that?

A

Renal Fascia (Gerota’s):

Membranous fat condensation,

Surrounds each kidney & suprarenal gland,

Enclosing perirenal fat.

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7
Q

What’s that?

A

Perirenal (Perinephric) fat: extraperitoneal fat, Outside renal capsule surrounding the kidneys

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8
Q

What’s that?

A

Transversalis fascia

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9
Q

Where are kidneys located?

A

General Location:

Retroperitoneal

Ant. to quadratus lumborum,

Lat to psoas,

Under diaphragm

Left Kidney: Ant to rib 11 & 12

Vertebral level of T12 to L2

Lies post to spleen, tail of pancreas, left colic flexure

Right Kidney: Ant to rib 12

Vertebral level of L1 to L3

Post to liver, descending portion of duodenum,

right colic flexure

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10
Q

What’s the arterial supply of the kidneys?

A

Renal A. from abdominal aorta (L1-L2)

Right renal: longer, passes under IVC

Accessory renal a. (common) do not enter via hilum

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11
Q

What’s the venous drainage of the kidneys?

A

Renal veins from IVC, anterior to Arteries

Left renal vein is longer, passes under SMA, receives left adrenal & gonadal V.

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12
Q

What’s the innervation of the kidneys?

A

Renal plexus from celiac plexus

Found along renal arteries

•Sympathetic: triggers vasoconstriction

reducing renal blood flow

•Parasympathetic: not well understood.

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13
Q

Why does the kiney necroses if one part of its arterial supply is blocked?

A

Because it is composed of terminal arteries

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14
Q

What are the 3 points of constriction of the ureter?

A
  1. Ureteropelvic junction (junction renal pelvis / ureter)
  2. Crosses iliac vessels (at the pelvic brim)
  3. Traverses bladder wall (intramural part)
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15
Q

What’s the urine pathway?

A
  1. Renal Papilla
  2. Minor Calyx
  3. Major Calyx
  4. Renal Pelvis
  5. Ureter
  6. Bladder
  7. Saint-Laurent
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16
Q

What’s that?

A

Inside the bladder the interureteric ridge connects the two

uretral orifice, forming the superior border of the trigone

Water under the bridge (ridge)

17
Q

What are those?

A

Left and right ureter

18
Q

Where do you do the Murphy’s sign (kidney punch)?

A

Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT)

19
Q

What’s that?

A

Trigone: Area forming the floor of the bladder, mucosa is firmly attached to muscle wall

20
Q

What’s the Detrusor muscle?

A

Smooth muscle in the bladder wall

21
Q

What are those?

A

Ureteric orifices: Have mucosal flaps (act as valve) to prevent vesicaluretteral reflux.

22
Q

What’s that?

A

Uvula of the bladder: Elevation of mucosa (by middle lobe of prostate) behind urethral orifice

23
Q

What’s that?

A

Urethral orifice

24
Q

In men, what is this?

A

Vas Deferens: Ampulla situated at the base of bladder

25
Q

In men, what is this?

A

Seminal Vesicles: Paired Accessory glands, Situated between bladder & rectum, Drains into prostatic urethra

26
Q

What are the prostate lobes?

A
  • Ventral (anterior) lobe: ant. to the urethra, where adenoma rarely occur
  • Lateral lobes (2): lat. to the urethra and ejaculatory ducts, adenoma may arise in old age
  • Posterior lobe: between ejaculatory ducts, post. to median lobe, carcinoma may begin here
  • Median (middle) lobe: located above the ejaculatory ducts, common site of adenoma
27
Q

Where is situated the uterus?

A

Above the bladder, vagina is posterior to bladder so the bladder is not compressed during pregnancy

28
Q

What do the suprarenal glands look like?

A

Right suprarenal: pyramidal shaped,

On sup. pole of right kidney, inf. to liver, ant. to diaphragm, extend medially behind IVC.

Left suprarenal: semilunar shaped,

On medial border to sup. pole of left kidney, post. to stomach and pancreas, ant. to diaphragm.

29
Q

What’s the arterial supply of the suprarenals?

A

Suprarenal Arteries:

  • Superior from inferior phrenic from abdominal aorta
  • Middle from: directly from abdominal aorta
  • Inferior from: from renal artery
30
Q

What’s the venous drainage of the suprarenals?

A

Usually 1 suprarenal vein:

Right: to IVC

Left: to renal vein

31
Q

What’s that?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

32
Q

What are those 2 vessels?

A

Blue: renal vein

Red: renal artery