Anatomy Flashcards
What’s this?
Retroperitoneal space
Identify those 4 strucutres
What’s that?
Peritoneum
What’s that?
Fibrous Renal capsule: Completely invest kidneys
What’s that?
Perirenal (Perinephric) fat: extraperitoneal fat, Outside renal capsule surrounding the kidneys
What’s that?
Renal Fascia (Gerota’s):
Membranous fat condensation,
Surrounds each kidney & suprarenal gland,
Enclosing perirenal fat.
What’s that?
Perirenal (Perinephric) fat: extraperitoneal fat, Outside renal capsule surrounding the kidneys
What’s that?
Transversalis fascia
Where are kidneys located?
General Location:
Retroperitoneal
Ant. to quadratus lumborum,
Lat to psoas,
Under diaphragm
Left Kidney: Ant to rib 11 & 12
Vertebral level of T12 to L2
Lies post to spleen, tail of pancreas, left colic flexure
Right Kidney: Ant to rib 12
Vertebral level of L1 to L3
Post to liver, descending portion of duodenum,
right colic flexure
What’s the arterial supply of the kidneys?
Renal A. from abdominal aorta (L1-L2)
Right renal: longer, passes under IVC
Accessory renal a. (common) do not enter via hilum
What’s the venous drainage of the kidneys?
Renal veins from IVC, anterior to Arteries
Left renal vein is longer, passes under SMA, receives left adrenal & gonadal V.
What’s the innervation of the kidneys?
Renal plexus from celiac plexus
Found along renal arteries
•Sympathetic: triggers vasoconstriction
reducing renal blood flow
•Parasympathetic: not well understood.
Why does the kiney necroses if one part of its arterial supply is blocked?
Because it is composed of terminal arteries
What are the 3 points of constriction of the ureter?
- Ureteropelvic junction (junction renal pelvis / ureter)
- Crosses iliac vessels (at the pelvic brim)
- Traverses bladder wall (intramural part)
What’s the urine pathway?
- Renal Papilla
- Minor Calyx
- Major Calyx
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Saint-Laurent
What’s that?
Inside the bladder the interureteric ridge connects the two
uretral orifice, forming the superior border of the trigone
Water under the bridge (ridge)
What are those?
Left and right ureter
Where do you do the Murphy’s sign (kidney punch)?
Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT)
What’s that?
Trigone: Area forming the floor of the bladder, mucosa is firmly attached to muscle wall
What’s the Detrusor muscle?
Smooth muscle in the bladder wall
What are those?
Ureteric orifices: Have mucosal flaps (act as valve) to prevent vesicaluretteral reflux.
What’s that?
Uvula of the bladder: Elevation of mucosa (by middle lobe of prostate) behind urethral orifice
What’s that?
Urethral orifice
In men, what is this?
Vas Deferens: Ampulla situated at the base of bladder
In men, what is this?
Seminal Vesicles: Paired Accessory glands, Situated between bladder & rectum, Drains into prostatic urethra
What are the prostate lobes?
- Ventral (anterior) lobe: ant. to the urethra, where adenoma rarely occur
- Lateral lobes (2): lat. to the urethra and ejaculatory ducts, adenoma may arise in old age
- Posterior lobe: between ejaculatory ducts, post. to median lobe, carcinoma may begin here
- Median (middle) lobe: located above the ejaculatory ducts, common site of adenoma
Where is situated the uterus?
Above the bladder, vagina is posterior to bladder so the bladder is not compressed during pregnancy
What do the suprarenal glands look like?
Right suprarenal: pyramidal shaped,
On sup. pole of right kidney, inf. to liver, ant. to diaphragm, extend medially behind IVC.
Left suprarenal: semilunar shaped,
On medial border to sup. pole of left kidney, post. to stomach and pancreas, ant. to diaphragm.
What’s the arterial supply of the suprarenals?
Suprarenal Arteries:
- Superior from inferior phrenic from abdominal aorta
- Middle from: directly from abdominal aorta
- Inferior from: from renal artery
What’s the venous drainage of the suprarenals?
Usually 1 suprarenal vein:
Right: to IVC
Left: to renal vein
What’s that?
Superior mesenteric artery
What are those 2 vessels?
Blue: renal vein
Red: renal artery
