Anatomy Flashcards
Femoral Canal vs femoral ring
Medial empty compartment of the sheath vs proximal opening of the canal where herniation can occur
Hasselback triangle
Inguinal hernia
Direct through the external ring
Indirect through the internal ring then the external
Spinal cord segments Femoral- Obturator Sciatic Tibial- Fibular Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal
Spinal cord segments Femoral- L2-L4 Obturator- L2-L4 Sciatic- L4-S3 Tibial- L4-S3 Fibular-L4-S2 Superior gluteal- L4-S1 Inferior gluteal- L5-S2
Meralgia paresthetica
Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Gun belt paralysis
Perforating arteries supply
Adductors, and hamstrung muscles
Patellar reflex
Calcaneal reflex
Patellar L2-L4 (Westphal’s sign)
Calcaneal S1-S2
Connective tissue above and below patella
Above- quadriceps tendon
Below- patellar ligament
Sports Hernia
The tearing of adductors creating a hole near pubis. No true infiltration/ herniation occurs.
Cluneal nerves
Superior, middle and inferior nerves to the superficial gluteal region.
Cruciate anastomosis made of…connects to…how
Inferior gluteal artery
Transverse branch of lateral and medial circumflex
1st perforating artery
Connects to political anastomisis via descending branch lateral artery.
Gait cycle muscles
Heel strike- gluteus Maximus, tibialis anterior
Load response- quadriceps, receipts surae(calves)
Mid stance- triceps surae
Heel off- triceps surae, illiopsoas
toe off- quadriceps, iliopsoas
Swing- quadriceps, Hanmstrings, tibialis anterior
Trendelenberg sign/Duschene Limp/gluteal Gait
Superior gluteal nerve Injury
Gluteus medius and minimus don’t work
Drop of hip on opposite side
During walking lean to AFFECTED side
Tensor fascia Lata
Knee flexion vs knee extension
Flexion when degree over 45
Extensor when degree under 15
Which septum separates which calf compartments?
Anterior- anterior from lateral
Posterior- lateral from posterior
Interosseus membrane- anterior from deep posterior
Transverse- dee posterior from superficial
Dynamic arch
Tibialis posterior Tibialis anterior Flexor hallucis longus Fibularis longus Intrinsic planter muscles
Passive arch
Plantar aponeurosis
Spring ligament(most common fallen arch)
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Fabella
Sesnoid bone near head of lateral gastrocnemius
Fibular trochlea
Ridge on lateral aspect of calcaneus
Cuboid sulcus
Groove on cuboid for fibularis longus
Shin splints
Microtrauma to tibialis anterior
Causing mild compartment syndrome/pressure
Mallet vs hammer vs claw toe
Mallet- flexion distal IP join
Hammer- flexion At MP joint, extenion proximal IP joint, (extension distal)
Claw- extension MP joint, flexion at proximal and distal IP
Medial plantar nerve innervation
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum Brescia
Medial limbrical
Flexor hallicus brevis
Lateral plantar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi Quadratis plantae Lateral limbricals Adductor hallucis Interossei muscles
Dorsal foot arteries
Anterior tibial gives off lateral malleolar artery
Now is dorsalis pedis
Gives off lateral tarsal artery
Gives off actuate artery (doubles back to lateral tarsal
Now is deep plantar artery, swings around the back
Also gives off common dorsal digital artery before swings back
