Anatomy Flashcards
Name the four chambers of the heart?
Name the four chambers of the heart? The right atrium, the left atrium, the right ventricle and the left ventricle
The valves in the vein are called semilunar – what does this mean?
because each of those valves has leaflets that are shaped like half-moons.
What is pulmonary vascular resistance?
The vascular resistance of the pulmonary circulation; the difference between the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the left atrial filling pressure divided by the cardiac output. Called also total pulmonary vascular resistance.
What is systemic vascular resistance?
the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to pump blood through the systemic circulation. As peripheral blood vessels constrict, the SVR increases.
What is the tunica intima?
the innermost coat of an organ (as a blood vessel) consisting usually of an endothelial layer backed by connective tissue and elastic tissue
What is the tunica adventitia?
the outer layer that makes up a tubular organ or structure and especially a blood vessel, is composed of collagenous and elastic fibers, and is not covered with peritoneum
Name each sub-division of the bronchial tree beginning with trachea and ending with alveolar duct so that you could describe the route that air takes to the alveolus
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts
What mechanisms defend the respiratory system against aspiration/infection?
Coughing and sneezing
How does the URT heat, humidify and clean air that passes through it.
The air is heated by the many small bloody vessels coating the nasal and mucous membrane. The vessels are supplied with more blood when breathing cold air and less when breathing warm air. The air is humidified by well vascularised mucous membranes inside the nose and mouth which release moisture to passing respiratory gas. During exhalation this cooling effect causes a portion of moisture in the air coming into the air to condense on the mucus membrane, which moisturises it. The air is cleaned by ciliated epithelium cells which line the URT. The viscous mucus which covers the cilia traps the foreign matter/ microorganisms The removal of this waste then takesthrough sneezing or coughing.
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx
The epiglottis and the soft palate form the boundaries of the oropharynx
The nasopharynx is the location of a communication between the upper respiratory tract and the middle ear. What is the name of the structure?
The nasopharynx is the location of a communication between the upper respiratory tract and the middle ear. What is the name of the structure? The eustachian tube
What are the anatomical boundaries of the nasopharynx
The nasopharynx is defined anatomically as the region superior to the soft palate that communicates with the nasal cavity through the choanae. Specifically, the superior border is defined as the pharyngeal fornix, a mucous membrane intimately layering the basal parts of the occipital and sphenoid bones. Laterally and posteriorly, the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the pharyngobasilar fascia define the borders.
What are the functions of the nose?
The function of the nose is to cover the anterior part of the nasal cavity
The nasal cavity has three turbinate bones, the superior, the middle and the inferior nasal conchae. What is their function?
The function of the three turbinate bones is thought to be to cause turbulence of the inspired air
What are vibrissae? What is their function?
coarse hair growing within the nostrils of humans that serve to impede the inhalation of particulate matter
