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Key MBChB Knowledge > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic artery supplies the _______ parts of the intercostal spaces, supplying the skin, _____, muscles, _____ and _______ pleura of the intercostal space

A

anterior, fascia, bone, parietal

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2
Q

where do the cephalic and basilic vein arise from?

A

the dorsal venous network

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3
Q

Nerve roots of posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

S1-S3

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4
Q

innervation of the lateral 2 lumbricals

A

median nerve

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5
Q

what other veins are found around the eye apart from the Central retinal vein?

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

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6
Q

where does the cephalic vein drain

A

the axillary vein

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7
Q

The superior half of the oral cavity is innervated by which CN?

A

CN V2 - trigeminal maxillary branch

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8
Q

There are two nervous supplies to the GI tract - intrinsic and extrinsic - the extrinsic is the…

A

autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

13 pairs of intercostal spaces - true or false?

A

false - 11 pairs

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10
Q

Parts of the thoracic skeleton (6)

A

12 pairs ribsintercostal spacescostal margin12 thoracic vertebraeclavicle and scapulasternum

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11
Q

the submucosal plexus

A

epithelia and blood vessels

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12
Q

The phrenic nerves supply what sort of axons to the diaphragm and fibrous pericardium

A

somatic sensory and sympathetic

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13
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

hinge joint

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14
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

the dip in the upper lip

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15
Q

L2,3,4

A

Femoral nerve (ant. compartment), obturator nerve (med compartment), of the thigh

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16
Q

where does the lateral surface of the superior half of the auricle drain?

A

parotid lymph nodes

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17
Q

Why should adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic not be given near end arteries?

A

will cause vasoconstriction and thus occlusion to the only blood supply to that area.

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18
Q

pouch separating the uterus and the bladder

A

uterovesical pouch

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19
Q

Bone which contains the optic canal

A

sphenoid

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20
Q

The left kidney lies at vertebral levels

A

T12-L2

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21
Q

Where is the adenoid tonsil?

A

in the nasopharynx

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22
Q

Dominant nervous supply in the production of saliva?

A

parasympathetic

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23
Q

where does the small saphenous vein drain and when?

A

popliteal vein posterior to the knee

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24
Q

A synovial joint is…

A

a fibrous joint

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25
Q

The ulnar nerve originates from which spinal roots?

A

C8-T1 (some C7)

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26
Q

Sympathetic salivary secretion is stimulated by which receptors?

A

a and b1-adrenoceptors

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27
Q

Nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator nerve - L2,3,4

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28
Q

Function of CN V2 ?

A

sensory

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29
Q

CNs involved in the gag reflex?

A

CN IX and X provide motor response, sensory info initially comes from CN IX

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30
Q

a patient with a ureteric obstruction will experience _____ pain due to the peristalsis

A

colicky

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31
Q

nodes found along the basilic lymphatics…

A

cubital lymph nodes and lateral axillary lymph nodes

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32
Q

The muscles of mastication are supplied by which cranial nerve?

A

CN V3 - mandibular branch of the trigeminal

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33
Q

the posterior third of the tongue is supplied by which CN?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal, taste and general sensations

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34
Q

the femoral artery pulse is felt…

A

inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

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35
Q

4 Rotator cuff muscles

A

S - supraspinatous, I- infraspinatous, T - teres minor, S - subscapularis (anterior)

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36
Q

Deep fascia of the lower limb (3)

A

fascia lata (thigh), iliotibial tract, crural fascia (leg)

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37
Q

action of the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region

A

extensors, abductors and medial rotators

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38
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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39
Q

Where does the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle drain?

A

mastoid lymph nodes (deep and cervical)

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40
Q

the ureteric arterial supply is branches from…(5)

A

renal artery, abdominal aorta, the common iliac artery, the internal iliac artery, the bladder artery

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41
Q

the spongy urethra is transmitted through?

A

the corpus spongiosum

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42
Q

Upper respiratory tract consists of… (4)

A

R and L nasal cavitiesOral cavitynaso, oro, laryngopharynxlarynx

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43
Q

innervation of the medial 2 lumbricals

A

ulnar nerve

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44
Q

The lateral cord forms…

A

the musculocutaneous and median nerve

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45
Q

what is renal failure?

A

failure to adequately filter the blood to produce urine

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46
Q

Precipitating factor in H.pylori infection

A

increased salt intake

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47
Q

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the roof of the nose?

A

the cribiform plate and the crista galli (the anterior cranial fossa)

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48
Q

Lesser omentum attaches to…

A

the lesser curvature of the stomach, duodenum and the liver

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49
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotids, submandibular, sublingual

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50
Q

Foregut includes which organs?

A

oesophagus to mid-duodenum, liver, gallbladder, 1/2 pancreas, spleen

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51
Q

where does the great saphenous vein drain into and when?

A

the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

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52
Q

2 muscles in lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

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53
Q

Where does the facial nerve travel through the base of the skull?

A

the petrous temporal bone

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54
Q

Function of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment

A

flexion of the wrist and digits, PRONATION, abduction/adduction of the wrist

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55
Q

Insertion of the diaphragm

A

central tendon - aponeurosis

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56
Q

3 muscles in superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius (big fat one), soleus (under gastro), plantaris - thin one hiding behind

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57
Q

where does the great saphenous vein travel?

A

medially

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58
Q

S1-S3

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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59
Q

causes of reduced arterial perfusion pressure

A

LVF, arterial bleed, arterial rupture (aneurysm), occlusion of the lumen, arterial spasm, external occlusion of the artery

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60
Q

sEfferent Nerves involved in swallowing

A

VII, IX, X and XI

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61
Q

Where does the end of the spinal cord occur?

A

L1/2

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62
Q

where do axillary lymph nodes drain?

A

subclavian lymphatics

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63
Q

Alternative name for rectus femoris

A

quadriceps femoris

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64
Q

the gluteus medius and minimus act to…

A

abduct and medially rotate the thigh

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65
Q

The visceral pleura is the part which attaches to the…

A

lung

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66
Q

the inferior aspect of the prostate is in contact with…

A

levator ani

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67
Q

Which divisions go on to form the posterior cord?

A

the posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks

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68
Q

within the scrotum, what does the testicle sit within?

A

the tunica vaginalis

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69
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal - travels alongside carotid sheath to the level of lingual artery

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70
Q

Which divisions go on to form the lateral cord?

A

the anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

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71
Q

The hypothenar eminence is innervated by…

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

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72
Q

where does the small saphenous vein arise from?

A

the dorsal venous arch

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73
Q

4 main muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus (big one), Styloglossus (most posterior), Palatoglossus (ant. to styloglossus), Hyoglossus (attaches hyoid)

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74
Q

3 sites of ureteric constriction

A

pelviureteric junction, ureter, ureteric orifice (opening into bladder)

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75
Q

function of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

extensors of the thigh, flexors of the leg

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76
Q

Which foramen does CN V3 arise?

A

the foramen ovale

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77
Q

the pudendal nerve is from spinal nerve roots?

A

S2-S4

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78
Q

4 layers of the digestive tract wall

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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79
Q

The radial nerve originates from which spinal roots?

A

C5-T1

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80
Q

Main electrolytes in saliva

A

Na, K, HCO3, Cl, Ca, I, PO4

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81
Q

parts of the colon (6)

A

caecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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82
Q

The ____ _____ is within the perineum

A

distal urethra

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83
Q

ribs 11 and 12

A

floating ribs with no attachment to sternum

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84
Q

oesophageal plexus is composed of which nerves?

A

CN X and sympathetic fibres.

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85
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel (4)

A

flexor digitorum superficialis (4), flexor digitorum profundus (4), flexor pollicis longus, median nerve

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86
Q

Bones of the palate?

A

two maxillary bones, two palatine

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87
Q

Lacrimal gland is controlled by which cranial nerve?

A

CN VII

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88
Q

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by…

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

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89
Q

Stimulation by sympathetic nervous system produces what sort of saliva?

A

thick mucousy, small volume

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90
Q

Which nerves are contained within the temporal bone?

A

Facial nerve, vestibulocochlear

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91
Q

the ureter normally travels ____ to the IVC

A

anterior

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92
Q

The false ribs are ribs 8-10 - true or false

A

true

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93
Q

Action of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A

plantar flexors of the ankle

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94
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus

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95
Q

accessory structures of the GI tract (4)

A

salivary glands, the pancreas, the liver and gall bladder

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96
Q

lymph nodes from small saphenous vein

A

popliteal nodes -> deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes

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97
Q

electrical waves (____ _____) pass spontaneously through the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine

A

slow waves

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98
Q

Innervation of the deep gluteal region

A

sacral plexus

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99
Q

the prostate gland lies _____ to the bladder.

A

inferior

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100
Q

Where does the facial nerve sensory supply?

A

sphenoid sinus, nasal mucosa, soft palate

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101
Q

Where does the eustachian tube open?

A

in the nasopharynx

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102
Q

Inferior bone of the nasal cavity

A

the vomer

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103
Q

What direction should you pull the auricle when examining a child?

A

posterioinferiorly

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104
Q

Where are floaters commonly found?

A

the vitreous humour in the posterior

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105
Q

The pharynx is innervated by CN?

A

CN X

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106
Q

the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is from spinal nerve roots?

A

S1 - S3

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107
Q

external urethral sphincter is present in both males and female - TRUE/FALSE

A

True

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108
Q

where do the testes originate?

A

the posterior abdomen

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109
Q

What is a cataract?

A

a clouding of the lens

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110
Q

kidney stones are…

A

renal calculi

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111
Q

in the male, the detrusor muscle fibres also forms…

A

the internal urethral sphincter

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112
Q

3 ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

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113
Q

Contraction of the circular muscle causes the lumen to become…

A

narrower and longer

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114
Q

Name the bones of the hand

A

Scaphoid, Lunnate, Triquetrium, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hammate (with the hook) Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle

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115
Q

Where do the abdominosplanchnic nerves synapse

A

prevertebral ganglia anterior to the aorta, part of periarterial plexus

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116
Q

Openings in the diaphragm

A

caval opening (IVC)aortic hiatusoesophageal hiatus

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117
Q

What percentage of the humeral head is held in the glenoid fossa?

A

1/3rd

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118
Q

The foregut is supplied by nerves from which vertebrae?

A

T6-9

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119
Q

vesical arteries supply the…

A

bladder

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120
Q

Which roots form the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

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121
Q

the phrenic nerves are found in the chest descending over the ______ aspects of the heart

A

lateral

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122
Q

CN V3 sensory supplies…?(5)

A

the TMJ, the muscles of mastication, the teeth, parotid and submandibular gland, anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

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123
Q

4 activities of the digestive tract

A

motility, secretion, digestion, absorption

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124
Q

the internal pudendal artery is supplied by…

A

the internal iliac

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125
Q

torsion of the testes is…

A

twisting of the spermatic cord and disruption of the blood supply to the testes.

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126
Q

which muscle of mastication is the strongest and has the largest attachment?

A

masseter - attaches the angle of the mandible and the zygomatic arch

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127
Q

Where is the external ear?

A

from the auricle to tympanic membrane

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128
Q

Where is the anterior segment of the eye?

A

in front of the lens

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129
Q

There are two nervous supplies to the GI tract - intrinsic and extrinsic - the intrinsic is…

A

the enteric nervous system

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130
Q

The enterochromaffin cells produce which gastric secretion?

A

histamine

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131
Q

5major motility patterns within the GI tract

A

peristalisis, segmentation, colonic mass movement, migrating motor complex, tonic contracions

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132
Q

common location of prostatic cancer?

A

peripheral zone

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133
Q

Dominant salivary gland

A

submandibular

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134
Q

What are the functions of the chest walls? (3)

A

protect the heart and lungsmake the movements of breathingbreast tissue - lactation

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135
Q

contents of the spermatic cord (6)

A

testicular artery and vein (panpiniform plexus), the vas deferens, lymphatic vessels, nerves and somatic muscle

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136
Q

What secondary modification occurs to saliva?

A

Na and Cl out, K and HCO3 down

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137
Q

what level do the ureters enter the posterior aspect of the bladder?

A

the ischial spine

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138
Q

What is the order of cells in the retina from posterior to anterior? (3)

A

the photoreceptors –> ganglion cells –> axons –> arteries and veins

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139
Q

Function of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

flexion of the arm and forearm

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140
Q

The phrenic nerves supply somatic sensory and sympathetic axons to the ______ and ______ ________

A

diaphragm and fibrous pericardium

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141
Q

Innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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142
Q

nerve supply to internal tympanic membrane

A

CN IX

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143
Q

the myenteric plexus mediates

A

motility and sphincters

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144
Q

which muscle does the sciatic nerve exit inferior to?

A

piriformis

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145
Q

serous demilunes of the acinus secrete?

A

lysozyme

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146
Q

What muscles are contained within the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

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147
Q

Each intercostal space carries a neurovascular bundle between the ______ and _______ muscle layers

A

internal and innermost

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148
Q

The sublingual gland is supplied by which cranial nerve?

A

CN VII

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149
Q

3 types of epithelium in the nasal cavities?

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium; respiratory epithelium; olfactory mucosa

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150
Q

the diaphragm has a __- shaped tendon

A

U

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151
Q

Which pouch(es) are formed in the male at the pelvic edge of the peritoneum?

A

retrovesicle

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152
Q

Sympathetic nerves supplying the GI Tract

A

Abdominosplanchnic nerves - T5 - L2

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153
Q

Origins of the diaphragm

A

deep surfaces of 1. xiphoid process2. costal cartilages and lower ribs3. L1-3 vertebrae

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154
Q

duodenal factors tend to increase/decrease gastric emptying

A

decrease

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155
Q

Which roots form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-C6

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156
Q

Bone with the infraorbital foramen

A

Maxilla

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157
Q

Where does the lung bud originate from?

A

the mediastinum

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158
Q

Muscle(s) within the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

triceps brachii

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159
Q

migrating motor complex is…

A

powerful sweeping contraction from stomach to terminal ileum

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160
Q

Humour within the anterior chamber ?

A

aqueous

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161
Q

Function of the triceps brachii

A

extension of the arm and forearm

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162
Q

origins of rectus abdominus

A

costal cartilagexiphoid process

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163
Q

peristalsis is…

A

a wave of relaxation, followed by contraction that normally goes in the aboral direction

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164
Q

Insertion of rectus abdominus

A

pubic bones

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165
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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166
Q

skin tension lines are also known as…

A

Langer lines

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167
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle(s) attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatous, Infraspinatous, Teres minor

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168
Q

deep fascia of the upper limb (4)

A

pectoral fascia, deltoid fascia, bracial fascia, antebrachial fascia

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169
Q

causes of increases venous drainage pressure

A

RVF, DVT, external compression

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170
Q

nodes along the cephalic lymphatics

A

apical axillary lymph nodes

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171
Q

Where is the eventual pathway of all the auricular lymphatic drainage?

A

deep cervical nodes –> thoracic duct or R. lymphatic duct –> venous angle

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172
Q

3 layers of skeletal muscles between ribs and intercostal spaces?

A

externalinternalinnermost

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173
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve originates from which spinal roots?

A

C5-C6

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174
Q

The midgut is supplied by nerves from which vertebrae?

A

T8-T12

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175
Q

Which hormones may delay gastric emptying?

A

CCK and Secretin

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176
Q

The greater omentum has how many layers?

A

4

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177
Q

Which ribs lie posterior to the kidneys?

A

floating ribs, 11 and 12

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178
Q

4 layers of the retroperitoneum before the renal capsule

A

visceral peritoneum, paranephric fat, renal fascia, perinephric fat

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179
Q

foramen for CN IX

A

jugular foramen

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180
Q

muscles in the superficial gluteal region (4)

A

all gluteals, tensor fascia lata

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181
Q

Method for differentiating radius and ulna

A

Radius has a round, flat head

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182
Q

The ankle jerk reflex tests…

A

S1/S2

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183
Q

4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

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184
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

liver, stomach, almost all small intestine, transverse colon, spleen, gallbladder

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185
Q

Which CN supply 3 out of 4 muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

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186
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor and rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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187
Q

Sphincters of the GI Tract (6)

A

upper and lower oesophageal, pyloric, ileocaecal, internal and external anal sphincters

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188
Q

Where do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain?

A

anterior into the facial vein, posteriorly into the cavernous sinus

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189
Q

What is the umbo?

A

the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

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190
Q

number of bronchopulmonary segments in each lung

A

10

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191
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

plane joint

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192
Q

the thoracic arteries and veins course (vertically/horizontally) either side of the deep surface of the sternum

A

vertically

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193
Q

CN V3 is what type of function i.e. sensory or motor?

A

sensory and motor

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194
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation? [ENT]

A

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils

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195
Q

Lactoferrin in saliva provides what function?

A

chelates iron to limit availability to bacteria

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196
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes(Think I MISheard that)

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197
Q

number of lobar bronchi

A

5

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198
Q

the pudendal nerve travels through the greater/lesser sciatic foramen to the perineum

A

Lesser

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199
Q

How are the true ribs identified?

A

they attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

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200
Q

The muscular attachments of the diaphragm are…(3)

A

the sternum (lower body)the lower six ribs (7-12)L1-3 vertebral bodies

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201
Q

What additional function does biceps brachii also have in addition to flexion of the arm and forearm?

A

supination of the forearm

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202
Q

Pathway from nephrons to ureter

A

collecting duct–> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter

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203
Q

The foramen for CN V2

A

foramen rotundum

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204
Q

Origins of internal oblique

A

inferior aspect of ribsiliac crestthoracolumbar fascia

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205
Q

where does the great saphenous vein arise from?

A

dorsal venous arch

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206
Q

Deep to the gluteal muscles is the…

A

piriformis

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207
Q

What is the pterion

A

the H-shaped sutures between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone which is the thinnest part of the skull

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208
Q

How are the false ribs identified?

A

attach via a common cartilaginous bar

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209
Q

3 openings in the diaphragm to allow which three things to pass through?

A

aorta, IVC, oesophagus

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210
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

fibrous, uvea, retina

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211
Q

Which parts of the LRT are located in the lungs?

A

lobar bronchi –> alveoli

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212
Q

Origin of the thoracic artery (internal mammary)

A

branch off the subclavian artery

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213
Q

Function of Gastrin

A

Stimulates enterochromaffin cells to produce histamine which increases HCl secretion; stimulates CCK2 receptors on parietal cells to produce HCl

214
Q

gluteus maximus attaches to which bones?

A

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx - proximal, iliotibial tract distally

215
Q

What is the ala of the nose?

A

the side of the nostrils

216
Q

deep fascia is…

A

tough, dense connective tissue that is usually white. divides limbs into compartments

217
Q

low pressure tonic contractions are within

A

organs with storage function

218
Q

Function of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

evert the foot and weakly plantarflex ankle

219
Q

Deep veins of the lower limb (7)

A

femoral, deep femoral, popliteal, fibular, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, plantar arch

220
Q

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the lateral wall of the nose?

A

the superior and middle conchae, ethmoid air cells and orbital plate of the ethmoid

221
Q

the deep muscle layer acts to allow the hip to…

A

externally, laterally rotate the lower limb at the hip joint

222
Q

where is the epididymis palpated?

A

the posterior aspect of the testis

223
Q

Afferent Nerves involved in swallowing

A

CN X and IX –> Pons and medulla

224
Q

Nerve supply to abdominal muscles

A

thoracoabdominal nerves

225
Q

the vas deferens passes anteriorly/posteriorly to the bladder

A

posteriorly

226
Q

What is contained in the middle ear?

A

the eustachian tube

227
Q

the three erectile tissue cylinder are?

A

2 R and L corpus cavernosum, the corpus spongiosum

228
Q

Function of CN IX?

A

sensory and motor - tongue

229
Q

corpus spongiosum is…

A

the anterior cylinder of the erectile tissue which transmits the urethra

230
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball and socket joint

231
Q

the lymph from the kidneys drains to…

A

the lumbar nodes (around the abdominal aorta and IVC)

232
Q

the brachial artery pulse is felt

A

medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

233
Q

During development the lung bud penetrates the pleural cavity - true or false?

A

falsethe lung bud pushes against but never enters the pleural cavity

234
Q

The anterior blood supply to the intercostal spaces comes from…

A

the internal thoracic arteries and veins

235
Q

the parietal cells produce which gastric secretion?

A

HCl and Intrinsic factor

236
Q

synovial joint in the resp. area?

A

sternocostal joint

237
Q

the ureter has ____ ___ which tries to increase peristalsis in an attempt to clear an obstruction

A

smooth muscle

238
Q

Cholinergic activation of M3 receptors in the stomach cause?

A

increases proton pumps at the apical membrane –> HCl

239
Q

What happens at the level of C6 vertebrae?

A

larynx becomes tracheapharynx becomes oesophagus

240
Q

pelvic floor muscle…

A

levator ani

241
Q

level at which a lumbar puncture is done?

A

L3/4

242
Q

What is the role of the middle ear?

A

amplify and conduct the sound waves to the internal ear

243
Q

Where are somatic motor axons supplied to by phrenic nerves?

A

diaphragm

244
Q

Deep veins of the upper limb (7)

A

superficial and deep palmer venous arches, radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, subclavian

245
Q

2 parts to the fibrous layer of the eye

A

sclera, cornea

246
Q

the lymph from the ureters drains to…

A

the lumbar and iliac nodes)

247
Q

Innervation of lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve - L5, S1, S2

248
Q

aortic hiatus

A

thoracic aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct

249
Q

What is the fundus?

A

the posterior area where light is focussed

250
Q

the cephalic vein runs…

A

laterally

251
Q

the popliteal pulse is felt…

A

in the popliteal fossa

252
Q

The kidneys are within the _______ peritoneum

A

retro

253
Q

Action of the deep posterior compartment of the leg

A

flexors of toes and plantar flexors of the ankle

254
Q

Where is the internal ear?

A

the oval window to the internal acoustic meatus

255
Q

Innervation of the serratus anterior muscle

A

long thoracic nerve

256
Q

the phrenic nerve originates from…

A

Cervical vertebra 3,4,5 anterior rami

257
Q

Which salivary glands does CN VII supply?

A

submandibular and sublingual - chorda tympani

258
Q

Origins of transversus abdominus

A

deep aspect of ribsiliac crestthoracolumbar fascia

259
Q

What is contained within the serosa?

A

connective tissue

260
Q

The neck of the femur is supplied by which arteries

A

the lateral and medial circumflex arteries

261
Q

where does the cephallic vein dive deep?

A

the deltopectoral groove

262
Q

Deep muscle group in the gluteal region produce what action?

A

lateral rotators of the thigh, hip stabilisers

263
Q

3 types of stimuli in the GI tract determining basal electrical rhythm

A

neuronal, hormonal, mechanical

264
Q

The _____ ureters, ______ and proximal _____ are within the pelvis

A

The distal ureters, bladder and proximal urethra are within the pelvis

265
Q

L4-S3 is…

A

sciatic nerve

266
Q

the phrenic nerves are found on the anterior surface of _______ _______ in the neck

A

scalenus muscle

267
Q

where do external iliac lymph nodes drain?

A

common iliac nodes and lumbar lymphatics

268
Q

superficial fascia is…

A

loose connective tissue and fat varying in depth

269
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

270
Q

Origin of external oblique

A

superficial aspect of ribsiliac crestpubic tubercle

271
Q

Which anatomical regions are the kidneys found?

A

the right and left lumbar ‘flank’ regions

272
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of thigh (4)

A

pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris

273
Q

Muscle in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

274
Q

lymph from the scrotum and the majority of the penis (not glans) drains to…

A

the superficial inguinal nodes in the superficial fascia of the groin

275
Q

costovertebral joints are found anteriorly - true or false?

A

falsethey are found posteriorly - rib articulation with vertebrae

276
Q

Innervation of flexor digtorum superficialis (2)

A

medial half - ulnar nerve; lateral half - median nerve

277
Q

The posterior blood supply to the intercostal spaces come from…

A

arterial - thoracic aortavenous - azygous vein

278
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle(s) attach to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

279
Q

An upper UTI involves….

A

may involve the kidneys

280
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract run?

A

from ASIS to the lateral tibial condyle at the Gerdy tubercle

281
Q

Muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm (6) Medial to lateral

A

Aconeus, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus

282
Q

Muscles within the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm (3)

A

pronator quadratus, flexor pollicus longus, flexor digitorum profundus

283
Q

General sensory supply to the anterior tongue is from…

A

CN V3 - mandibular branch of trigeminal - foramen rotundum

284
Q

Action of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexors of the ankle and extensors of the toes

285
Q

Where does the footplate of the stapes attach

A

the oval window

286
Q

Nerve supple of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

287
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

288
Q

Which bone contains the oragns of hearing and balance ?

A

Temporal bone

289
Q

Why is the retina the blind spot?

A

there are no photoreceptors on the optic disc

290
Q

When looking anteriorly, the renal vein/artery, sits anteriorly?

A

When looking anteriorly, the renal vein sits anteriorly

291
Q

lypmh from the testis drains to…

A

the lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

292
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

abduction of the digits from the middle finger (DAB - dorsal ABduction)

293
Q

the superior gluteal nerve is supplied by…?

A

L5, S1, S2

294
Q

Where are the lateral and medial circumflex arteries for the femoral neck from?

A

the femoral artery

295
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris is opened by which cranial nerve

A

CN III

296
Q

Type of cartilage around the external ear?

A

elastic cartilage

297
Q

Name the three trunks of the brachial plexus

A

Superior, middle, inferior

298
Q

Where does the lingual artery originate?

A

external carotid

299
Q

Superficial/Deep veins are more anatomically predictable

A

deep veins

300
Q

the nerve supply comes from the ______ ramus of the spinal nerve

A

anterior

301
Q

the vesical arteries are branches of…

A

the internal iliac

302
Q

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (3)

A

external oblique, internal ooblique, transversus abdominus

303
Q

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the nose? (3)

A

the roof, the lateral walls and the septum

304
Q

Sciatic nerve is from

A

L4-S3

305
Q

the short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by…

A

the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

306
Q

The hindgut is supplied by nerves from which vertebrae?

A

T10 - L2

307
Q

the common iliac arteries are ____ to the common iliac veins

A

anterior

308
Q

Which roots form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8-T1

309
Q

What is contained within the muscularis externa?

A

circular muscle layer, nerve network (myenteric plexus), longitudinal muscle layer

310
Q

Where does the oesophagus terminate?

A

the cardia of the stomach

311
Q

Which divisions go on to form the medial cord?

A

the anterior division of the inferior trunk

312
Q

Salivary glands are divided into salivons. What are the parts of a salivon?

A

secretory acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct, interlobar ducts and excretory ducts

313
Q

HCl is produced by which cells?

A

parietal

314
Q

The hindgut includes which organs?

A

distal 1/3rd of transverse colon –> proximal 1/2 of anal canal

315
Q

what vein in the arm do 20% of people have?

A

median vein of the forearm which splits to give median cephalic and median basilic vein

316
Q

Where are the kidney nephrons found?

A

the renal pyramid (around 50,000 per pyramid)

317
Q

describe hydronephrosis

A

urine back pressure into the calyces compresses the nephrons leading to renal failure

318
Q

Where is the blood supply to the tongue from?

A

lingual artery

319
Q

What is contained within the mucosa?

A

epithelial cells, exocrine cells, endocrine gland cells, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

320
Q

Where do the muscles of the pharynx insert?

A

into the midline raphe

321
Q

4 muscles of the tongue?

A

palatoglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

322
Q

Where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?

A

the skin over the posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and medial thigh.

323
Q

Innervation of pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

324
Q

Which receptors are stimulated in the production of saliva by the PS nervous system?

A

M1 and M3

325
Q

Superficial/Deep veins tend to occur in NVBs

A

deep veins

326
Q

innervation of the interossei?

A

ulnar nerve

327
Q

high pressure tonic contractions are…

A

sphincters

328
Q

The parietal pleura is the part which attaches to the….

A

chest wall

329
Q

The omental foramen contains…

A

the portal triad, the communication between the greater and lesser omental sacs

330
Q

What does the eustachian tube connect?

A

tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

331
Q

What is the iliotibial tract also known as?

A

fascia lata

332
Q

Humour within the posterior chamber in the eye?

A

aqueous

333
Q

Swallowing centre of the brain

A

pons and medulla

334
Q

where are interstitial cells of cajal?

A

between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, also in the submucosa

335
Q

Nerve supply to the auricle of the ear (4)

A

C2,3 spinal nerve (most of auricle); CN VII (dotted around the opening); CN X (the inferior part of the external acoustic meatus + some tympanic membrane); CN V3 (the superior part of the external acoustic meatus + most of tympanic membrane)

336
Q

Mnemonic for remembering the order of the brachial plexus breakdown

A

Really Tired Drink Coffee Now - Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Nerves

337
Q

The thenar eminence is innervateed by…

A

the recurrent branch of the median nerve

338
Q

Where does secondary modification of the saliva occur?

A

the duct cells

339
Q

L2,3,4

A

femoral nerve - anterior compartment of the thigh, OR obturator nerve - medial compartment of the thigh

340
Q

Salivary glands are Endocrine/exocrine

A

exocrine

341
Q

Innervation of pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

342
Q

Muscles of mastication (4)

A

temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

343
Q

Contraction of longitudinal muscle contraction causes the lumen to become…

A

shorter and fatter

344
Q

muscle next to the vertebrae behind the kidney

A

psoas major

345
Q

Pyloric gland area secretes which gastric factors?

A

Somatostatin and Gastrin

346
Q

why is the right dome of the diaphragm generally more superior?

A

due to the presence of liver in RUQ

347
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (3)

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

348
Q

What should appear on the tympanic membrane when examining with an otoscope?

A

a cone of light - anteroinferiorly

349
Q

Superior bone of the nasal cavity

A

the ethmoid

350
Q

Primary nerve supply to external tympanic membrane

A

CN V3

351
Q

What is the thin part of the tympanic membrane called?

A

pars flaccida

352
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, ascending and descending colon

353
Q

How do the testes move from the posterior abdomen?

A

through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

354
Q

Muscles of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm (5) Proximal to Distal

A

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indices

355
Q

structure that prevents aspiration of food

A

Epiglottis

356
Q

what does the costal groove of the rib contain?

A

artery, nerve and vein

357
Q

Mid gut includes which organs?

A

mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon and half the pancreas

358
Q

the inferior gluteal nerve is supplied by…?

A

L5, S1, S2

359
Q

the posterior tibial pulse is felt…

A

between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon

360
Q

nerve that controls the diaphragm

A

phrenic

361
Q

Which cords form the median nerve?

A

the medial and lateral cords

362
Q

innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

radial nerve

363
Q

Nerve supply of the intercostal muscles

A

intercostal nerves from the anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

364
Q

the right kidney is posterior to… (4)

A

liver, hepatorenal recess, 2nd part of the duodenum, ascending colon right colic flexure

365
Q

What nerve supplies the laryngopharynx?

A

CN X

366
Q

The diaphragm is an example of ______ muscle

A

skeletal

367
Q

Where is the upper oesophageal sphincter found?

A

C6 - cricopharyngeus

368
Q

What most commonly causes ascites?

A

cirrhosis and portal hypertension

369
Q

where do most venous ulcers occur?

A

in the medial aspect of the distal leg, the gaiter area

370
Q

Path of the tears across the eye

A

Angular wash from the superior temporal area to the inferior nasal area, drain into puncta, lacrimal sac and then the nasolacrimal duct

371
Q

Proton pumps are stored within tubulovesicles and which are stimulated to go to the membrane by…

A

PKAs via M3, CCK2, H2 receptors

372
Q

Three gluteal muscles

A

maximus, medius, minimus

373
Q

What does the fundus include?

A

the optic disc, the macula and the fovea

374
Q

function of pudendal nerve?

A

keeps the pelvis off the floor

375
Q

Where do the gluteus medius and minimus attach?

A

external, posterior, gluteal aspect of the ilium and anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.

376
Q

The medial cord forms…

A

the ulnar and median nerve

377
Q

The median nerve originates from which spinal roots?

A

C5-T1

378
Q

what pump aids venous movement back to the heart from the legs

A

the musculovenous pump

379
Q

The chief cells produce which gastric secretion?

A

pepsinogen

380
Q

where does the axillary vein become the subclavian

A

lateral border of rib 1

381
Q

nerve supply of the eustachian tube?

A

CN IX

382
Q

Innvervation of the trapezius muscle

A

CN XI - spinal accessory nerve

383
Q

What is contained within the submucosa?

A

connective tissue, larger blood and lymph vessels, glands, nerve networks

384
Q

Cholinergic activation of M1 receptors in the stomach cause?

A

activation of enterochromaffin cells to produce Histamine -> H2 receptors on parietal cells -> HCl secretion

385
Q

Muscles of the deep muscle group of the thigh (4)

A

piriformis, gemeli, quadrator femoris, obturator internis

386
Q

From which rami does the brachial plexus originate?

A

C5-T1

387
Q

What produces the aqueous humour?

A

the ciliary body

388
Q

Clinical application of the thoracic artery

A

can be mobilised from its attachment, sectioned inferiorly and anastomosed to a coronary artery distal to an occlusion. Coronary artery bypass grafting

389
Q

The isthmus of the thyroid gland is anterior to tracheal cartilages _____

A

2 -4

390
Q

Influences which may delay gastric emptying from the duodenum

A

fat, acid, hypertonicity, distension

391
Q

Different parts of the alimentary canal (6)

A

mouth and oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

392
Q

Alongside the optic artery, what is also within the optic nerve?

A

the central retinal vein

393
Q

Each bronchopulmonary segment has its own nerve and blood supply - true or false?

A

true

394
Q

The parotid gland is innervated by which CN?

A

CN IX

395
Q

innervation of pronator quadratus, flexor pollicus longus and flexor digitorum profundus

A

median nerve

396
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

the poterior thigh and all the leg and foot muscles. forms tibial and common fibular nerves

397
Q

blood supply to the penis is via the ____ arteirs of the penis

A

deep

398
Q

the radial artery pulse is felt…

A

lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

399
Q

Innervation of the triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve

400
Q

The parotid gland is supplied by which cranial nerve

A

CN IX

401
Q

deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain…

A

into lateral axillary lymph nodes

402
Q

Femoral nerve is supplied by nerve roots

A

L2,3,4

403
Q

What direction should you pull the auricle when examining an adult?

A

posterosuperiorly

404
Q

7 bones that make up the orbit

A

Frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal

405
Q

The left kidney is posterior to…(4)

A

the stomach, tail of the pancreas, the hilum of the spleen, the splenic vessels

406
Q

main muscle of breathing

A

diaphragm

407
Q

Gastrin is produced by which cells in the pyloric gland area?

A

G cells

408
Q

the Sciatic nerve is from spinal nerve roots?

A

L4 - S3

409
Q

Where is the aqueous humour reabsorbed?

A

the canal of schlemm at the iridocorneal angle

410
Q

Innervation of the triceps brachii

A

Radial Nerve

411
Q

extensor of the leg in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

quadriceps femoris

412
Q

ejaculatory duct joins the ____ urethra within the _____

A

prostatic urethra, prostate

413
Q

The oxyntic mucosa is found where in the stomach?

A

fundus and body of the stomach

414
Q

the sciatic nerve supplies the gluteal region - TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE it serves nothing in the gluteal region

415
Q

The submandibular gland is supplied by which cranial nerve?

A

CN VII

416
Q

The chest cavity consists of the mediastinum and the R and L pleural cavities - true or false?

A

true

417
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

the iris and the suspensory ligaments

418
Q

A lower UTI involves…

A

the urethra and bladder

419
Q

the blood supply to the scrotum is from…

A

the internal pudendal and branches of the external iliac artery

420
Q

Regions of the lower limb

A

gluteal, femoral, knee, leg, ankle, foot

421
Q

Parts of the sternum (4)

A

manubriumbodyxiphoidsternal angle

422
Q

Where is the middle ear?

A

the tympanic membrane to the oval window

423
Q

where does the small saphenous vein travel?

A

posterior midline of the leg

424
Q

The lower urinary tract includes (2)

A

the urethra and bladder

425
Q

Layers of the chest wall (5)

A

skinfasciaskeletal musclebones/jointsparietal pleura

426
Q

What side should a patient be on for a lumbar puncture?

A

left

427
Q

Special sensory supply to the anterior tongue is from…

A

CN VII - facial

428
Q

two plexus in the enteric nervous system?

A

myenteric plexus, submucous plexus

429
Q

Supply of the vagus nerve?

A

supraglottic larynx, laryngeal and lingual surfaces of the larynx,

430
Q

The right kidney lies at vertebral levels…

A

L1-L3

431
Q

Muscles contained within the anterior compartment (superficial layer) of the forearm (4)

A

Pronator teres (lateral), Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (medial) - PFPF

432
Q

What course does the facial nerve take out of the cranial cavity?

A

internal acousitc meatus and stylomastoid process

433
Q

the first constriction in urine drainage occurs at…

A

the pelvicureteric junction

434
Q

What composes the ear canal?

A

skin, cartilage, bone

435
Q

the greater omentum attaches to…

A

the greater curvature of the stomach

436
Q

Innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

437
Q

What is intrinsic factor required for?

A

binds Vit B12 allowing it to be absorbed in the terminal ileum

438
Q

Somatostatin is produced by which cells in the pyloric gland area?

A

D cells

439
Q

Where is the artery to the head of femur a branch of?

A

it is a branch of the obturator artery

440
Q

3 layers to the Uvea

A

Iris, ciliary body, chorodi

441
Q

colonic mass movement is…

A

powerful sweeping contraction that forces faeces into the rectum

442
Q

Sensory (general and special) supply to the posterior tongue is from…

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

443
Q

Which cells drive the slow wave activity of the gut?

A

interstitial cells of cajal

444
Q

What is properly posterior to the tympanic membrane?

A

tympanic cavity

445
Q

segmentation is…

A

mixing and churning movements - rhythmic contractions of the circular muscle layer

446
Q

innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve L4-S3

447
Q

External layer of the eyelid

A

Orbicularis oculi, orbital and palpebral parts

448
Q

The anterior 2/3rds of the tongue is supplied by which nerves?

A

CN IX and CN V3.CN IX allows for taste.CN V3 allows for general sensation

449
Q

What is the fovea?

A

the centre of the macula and area of most acute vision

450
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae?

A

the tubercle

451
Q

sympathetics for the adrenal glands leave where?

A

T10 - L1

452
Q

posterior abdominal wall muscle aka…

A

left quadrantus lumborum

453
Q

supplies the taste buds on the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

chorda tympani of CN VII

454
Q

What does the pleural surface tension ensure?

A

the lungs move with the pleural fluid and thus inflate

455
Q

Function of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

flexors of the thigh, extensors of the leg

456
Q

Which pouch(es) are formed in the female at the pelvic edge of the peritoneum?

A

vesico-uterine, recto-uterine (pouch of douglas)

457
Q

3 parts of large intestine

A

caecum, appendix, colon

458
Q

Which gluteal muscle is most superficial?

A

maximus

459
Q

Which salivary glands does CN IX supply?

A

Parotid gland - via the otic ganglion

460
Q

incompetent venous valves result in…

A

varicose veins

461
Q

L5, S1, S2 - posterior compartment of the thigh

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

462
Q

The kidneys lie _____ to quadratus lumborum and lateral to _____ _____

A

The kidneys lie anterior to quadratus lumborum and lateral to psoas major

463
Q

What plane should be identified for lumbar puncture?

A

iliac crests - line between them

464
Q

nerve supply to gluteus medius and minimus is…

A

superior gluteal nerve

465
Q

Smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled by…

A

gap junctions

466
Q

PGE2 receptors cause a(n) increase/decrease in HCl secretion

A

decrease

467
Q

The upper urinary tract includes (2)

A

the kidneys, the ureters

468
Q

the gluteus maximus muscle is supplied by which nerve?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

469
Q

function of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thing?

A

sensory and sympathetic fibres

470
Q

Adductors of the thigh (med. compartment ) (5)

A

gracilis (long thin one), adductor - longus, brevis, magnus; obturator externus

471
Q

insertion of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles

A

aponeurosis to linea albal

472
Q

What connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the majority of people?

A

median cubital vein

473
Q

What about salivary duct cells allows the diluting effect?

A

impermeable to H20

474
Q

superficial lymphatics in the upper limb arise from…

A

plexuses in the fingers and hangs

475
Q

Function of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adduct the thigh

476
Q

lymph nodes along great saphenous vein

A

superficial inguinal, external illiac or deep inguinal

477
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the GI Tract?

A

CN X, pelvic splanchnic nerves S2,3,4

478
Q

Where does the rest of the auricle drain?

A

the superficial lymph nodes

479
Q

The true ribs are ribs 1-8 - true or false?

A

falsethe true ribs are ribs 1-7

480
Q

Lower respiratory tract consists of…(6)

A

tracheaR and L main bronchilobar bronchisegmental bronchibronchiolesalveoli

481
Q

the dorsal pedis pulse is felt…

A

medial to the tendon extensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint

482
Q

the uterus is ____ to the bladder

A

superior

483
Q

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye

A

in the anterior segment between the cornea and iris

484
Q

the basilic vein drains into…where?

A

the brachial vein at the level of the mid-arm

485
Q

What are the two parts to the temporal bone?

A

the squamous and petrous part

486
Q

The posterior cord forms…

A

the radial nerve

487
Q

why is a lumber puncture done at this level?

A

to avoid the terminal end of the spinal cord

488
Q

Name the lobes and fissures of the lungs

A

R - superior lobe, inferior lobe, middle lobe horizontal and oblique fissureL - superior and inferior lobeoblique fissure

489
Q

Functions of HCl

A

Pepsinogen –> Pepsin; breakdown of bacteria and enzyme

490
Q

Which muscle prevents drooling?

A

orbicularis oris - CN VII

491
Q

the gluteus maximus is an _____ muscle

A

extensor

492
Q

What nerves also come off the anterior rami between C5-T1? (2)

A

dorsal scapular nerve; long thoracic nerve

493
Q

the lesser omentum has how many layers?

A

2

494
Q

the deep arteries of the penis is supplied by the…

A

internal pudendal artery

495
Q

CN’s which can cause referred ear ache

A

V, VII, IX and X, C2/3

496
Q

Mucous cells of the acinus secrete?

A

thick, mucus rich secretions

497
Q

Which muscle of the tongue is innervated by the vagus nerve?

A

palatoglossus

498
Q

Skeleton of the external ear?

A

temporal bone and elastic cartilage

499
Q

What glands produce earwax?

A

ceruminous glands

500
Q

Serous cells of the acinus secrete?

A

watery saliva rich in a-amylase

501
Q

Which muscle is required for opening the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

502
Q

types of urethra in the male

A

the prostatic urethra, the spongy urethra (in the penis)

503
Q

Which nerve passes through the palatine foramen?

A

CN V2 - maxillary branch of trigeminal - foramen ovale

504
Q

Where does the rib articulate with the vertebrae?

A

superior vertebrae body, vertebrae body of same number, transverse process of vertebrae

505
Q

structure of a nephron from glomerulus to minor calyx

A

glomerulus –> proximal convuluted tubule –> loop of henle –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct –> minor calyx

506
Q

Which Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate?

A

types II and III

507
Q

What nerve does the ophthalmic artery travel alongside?

A

the optic nerve CN II

508
Q

The pleural fluid does two things, these are?

A

act as a lubricant create surface tension

509
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of the leg

A

Deep fibular nerve - L4/L5

510
Q

weakness in which muscle leads to trendelenberg gait

A

gluteus maximus

511
Q

where is the epitympanic recess?

A

superior to the tympanic membrane

512
Q

What is the role of the lumbricals in the hand?

A

to attach to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

513
Q

4 types of papillae on the tongue - which has no taste buds?

A

Follate, Vallate, Filiform (no taste buds), Fungiform

514
Q

Function of somatostatin

A

to inhibit gastrin

515
Q

carotid pulse is felt…

A

anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

516
Q

Functions of saliva (3)

A

lubrication, protection, digestion

517
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

saddle joint

518
Q

the basilic vein runs…

A

medially

519
Q

What is the role of the interal ear?

A

converts special sensory info into fluid waves and APs –> the brain

520
Q

electrolytes in saliva which are higher in concentration than in plasma

A

K and HCO3

521
Q

what muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices?

A

detrusor muscles

522
Q

Function of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

extension of the wrist and digits, SUPINATION, abduction and adduction of the wrist

523
Q

What is the helix of the ear?

A

the ring of cartilage around the outside of the ear

524
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

adduction of the digits towards the middle finger (PAD - palmar ADduction)

525
Q

The submandibular glands are innervated by which CN?

A

CN VII

526
Q

what does the ophthalmic artery branch into?

A

the central artery of the retina and the ciliary arteries

527
Q

The trachea can be palpated at the _______ notch of the ________

A

jugular, manubrium

528
Q

Development of the lung bud into the pleural area causes the development of a ______ and _______ pleura

A

visceral, parietal

529
Q

Which bone are the pterygoids attached?

A

the sphenoid and mandible

530
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of…

A

the umbilicus

531
Q

Innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

tibial division of the sciatic nerve - L5, S1, S2

Key MBChB Knowledge (4 decks)

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