Anatomy

Question 1

Give the 3 layers of the eyeball wall

Answer 1

1. sclera and cornea
2. UVEA (choroid, iris and ciliary body)
3. retina

Question 2

What attaches the lens to the ciliary body?

Answer 2

suspensory ligaments

Question 3

When is the lens relaxed?

Answer 3

when looking at something far away

- sympathetic, relax ciliary muscle

Question 4

When is the lens tight?

Answer 4

When the parasympathetic brings about accomodation to look at something near

Question 5

Where does light focus on the eye?

Answer 5

retina

Question 6

Which nerve supplies tip of the nose?

Answer 6

opthalmic nerve which is branch v1 of CN V (trigeminal)

Question 7

Give some causes of compression of cervical part of sympathetic trunk that could result in horners?

Answer 7

root of neck trauma
carotid dissection
pancoast tumour
engorged internal jugular vein
deep cervical lymph node mets

Question 8

What covers

a) iris
b) sclera

Answer 8

a) cornea

b) conjunctiva

Question 9

What divides the chambers of the eye?

Answer 9

the lens

Question 10

Which angle is of importance for aqueous drainage?

Answer 10

iridocorneal

Question 11

What is the centre of the macula?

Answer 11

the fovea

Question 12

Where is the greatest density of cones?

Answer 12

macula

Question 13

What are the three layers of the retina?

Answer 13

photoreceptors (most posterior)
ganglion cells
axons (most anterior)

Question 14

Does the optic disc contain photoreceptors?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

Name the end artery of the eye

Answer 15

the central retinal artery

Question 16

Where do the intraocular muscles insert into?

Answer 16

the sclera

Question 17

How do you test the abducens nerve?

Answer 17

with eye movements the lateral rectus does

- abduction

Question 18

What eye movements can superior rectus do?

Answer 18

elevation (when eye is abducted)

Question 19

What eye movements can inferior rectus do?

Answer 19

depression (when eye is abducted

Question 20

How do you test the trochlear nerve?

Answer 20

eye movements done by superior oblique

- depression (when in adduction)

Question 21

What eye movements can medial rectus do?

Answer 21

adduction

Question 22

What eye movements can the inferior oblique do?

Answer 22

elevation (when in adduction)

Question 23

Which muscles bring about pure elevation?

Answer 23

superior rectus and inferior oblique

Question 24

Which muscles bring about pure depression?

Answer 24

superior oblique and inferior rectus

Question 25

What is responsible for eye colour and pupil size changes?

Answer 25

iris

Question 26

which fluid occupies the posterior cavity of the eye?

Answer 26

vitrous humour

Question 27

which fluid occupies the anterior cavity of the eye?

Answer 27

aqueous humor

Question 28

what produces aqueous humour and where does it drain to?

Answer 28

produced by ciliary bodies in the posterior chamber

drains via canal of schlemm

Question 29

What is the outer layer of the eye like?

Answer 29

fibrous

Question 30

What is the middle layer of the eye like?

Answer 30

vascular

Question 31

What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?

Answer 31

the internal carotid artery

Question 32

Which cranial nerve is the optic nerve?

Answer 32

CN II

Question 33

What is the blind spot?

Answer 33

the optic disc

Question 34

What is the optic disc?

Answer 34

point of optic nerve formation

Question 35

What is the innervation of the extraocular muscles?

Answer 35

LR6 SO4 AO3
lateral rectus CN VI abducens
superior oblique CN IV trochlear
all others CN III oculomotor

Question 36

Does the eye have more rods or cones?

Answer 36

rods

Question 37

Where are rods found in the eye?

Answer 37

periphery of the eye

Question 38

where are cones found in the eye?

Answer 38

fovea

Question 39

Which photoreceptor is responsible for colour vision?

Answer 39

cones

Question 40

Which photoreceptor is more sensitive to light?

Answer 40

rods