Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMF: Ophthalmology > Acute red eye > Flashcards

Acute red eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the differentials for an acute red eye

A 
conjunctivitis 
subconjunctival haemorrhage
episcleritis
scleritis
anterior uveitis
acute closed-angle glaucoma
corneal ulcer/abrasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does conjunctivitis present?

A

itchy
discharge
red eye
scratchy/gritty pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How should conjunctivitis be treated?

A

viral –> educate its infectious

bacterial –> chloromphenicol drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which out of episcleritis and scleritis is benign and more common?

A

episcleritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does episcleritis present?

A

inflammation, redness +/- inflammatory nodule
dull ache
vision not affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is episcleritis managed?

A

symptomatic

  • NSAIDs
  • artificial tears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does scleritis present?

A

very inflamed, red with oedema
constant severe, boring ache
sore to move eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is scleritis managed?

A

urgent referral
not necrotising –> oral NSAIDs/steroids
necrotising –> systemic immunosuppression eg cyclophosphamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is scleritis associated with?

A

50% have systemic disease eg. rheumatoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can scleritis and episcleritis be differentiated?

A

episcleral vessels are more superficial so move when touched with cotton bud and blanch with phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does anterior uveitis present?

A 
pain: deep ache 
blurred vision
photophobia
red eye
lacrimation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is anterior uveitis diagnosed?

A

inflammatory cells (leucocytes) in the anterior chamber on slit lamp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can cause anterior uveitis?

A

ank spond
sarcoidosis
IBD
herpes, TB, syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is anterior uveitis managed?

A

control systemic disease

prednisolone drops and topical mydriatic to stop ciliary spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can anterior uveitis progress?

A

inflammation disrupts flow of aqueous leading to glaucoma and adhesions between the iris and lens causing prolonged visual loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does acute closed angle glaucoma present?

A 
generally unwell with N+V
headache
painful, red eye
preceding blurred vision/haloes 
fixed, mid dilated pupil
17
Q

What is acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

anterior chamber of the eye narrows causing an acute rise in intraocular pressure which causes damage to the optic nerve and visual loss

18
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

primary- anatomical eg. shallow chamber

secondary - pathological eg trauma

19
Q

How is acute closed angle glaucoma managed?

A

send to eye unit immediately
avoid dark rooms
start acetazolamide IV to dec aqueous production
start antihypertensive drops to reduce pressure
give pilocarpine to cause miosis and break fixed pupil
once IOP controlled do peripheral iridectomy (turn eye into one chamber)

20
Q

What is an anterior uveitis?

A

inflamed iris

21
Q

What is discharge like in

a) bacterial conjunctivitis?
b) viral conjunctivitis?

A

a) sticky

b) watery + more chemosis + burning

22
Q

How can corneal abrasions be identified?

A

using fluoroscein dye + blue light

23
Q

What can indicate viral conjunctivitis?

A

tender pre-auricular lymph nodes

24
Q

How should bacterial corneal ulcer be treated?

A

topical ofloxacin

25
Q

How do herpetic corneal ulcers appear?

A

dendritic corneal ulcer

26
Q

How are herpetic corneal ulcers managed?

A

gancyclovir drops

27
Q

What can make herpetic corneal ulcers worse?

A

steroids

28
Q

A 35y/o man with long-sightedness has a painful red right eye for a week which is worse in the evenings. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

glaucoma

29
Q

How should eye trauma with suspected penetrating injury be investigated?

A

CT orbits

30
Q

A 35 year old man visits his GP with 3 days of a red, painful left eye with no discharge.There is a diffuse area of redness in the medial aspect of his left sclera. His pupils and visual acuity are normal.

A

?episcleritis

review at emergency eye clinic

NMF: Ophthalmology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions