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Step 1 Hematology/Oncology-First Aid 2017 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What transporters are on RBCs?

A

Cl-/HCO3- antiporters

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2
Q

Function of Cl-/HCO3- antiporters?

A

Export HCO3- and transport CO2 from tissues to lungs

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3
Q

Varying sizes of RBCs

A

Anisocytosis

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4
Q

Varying shapes of RBCs

A

Poikilocytosis

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5
Q

Immature RBC

A

Reticulocyte

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6
Q

Bluish color on Wright-Giemsa stain of reticulocyte

A

Residual ribosomal RNA

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7
Q

What do dense granules of platelets contain?

A

ADP and calcium

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8
Q

What do a-granules of platelets contain?

A

vWF, fibrinogen, and fibronectin

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9
Q

Where is 1/3 of platelet pool stored?

A

Spleen

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10
Q

vWF receptor

A

GpIb

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11
Q

Fibrinogen receptor

A

GpIIb/IIIa

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12
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in what condition?

A

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

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13
Q

Immature neutrophil

A

Band cell

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14
Q

Increased band cells are seen in what conditions?

A

Infections or CML

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15
Q

What do increased band cells reflect?

A

Myeloid proliferation

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16
Q

What are neutrophil chemotactic agents?

A

C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikrein, platelet-activating factor

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17
Q

Organelle within neutrophil that has azurophilic granules

A

Lysosome

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18
Q

Activates macrophages

A

IFN-y

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19
Q

Which MHC molecule is used by macrophages?

A

MHC-II

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20
Q

Where are histiocytes found?

A

In connective tissue

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21
Q

Where are Kupffer cells found?

A

In liver

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22
Q

How do bacterial interact with macrophages to cause septic shock

A

Lipid a binds CD14 on macrophage

23
Q

Type of nucleus in eosinophil

A

Bilobate nucleus

24
Q

What are some causes of eosinophilia?

A 
NAACP:
Neoplasia
Asthma
Allergic process
Chronic adrenal insufficiency
Parasites (invasive)
25
Q

What is basophilia an indication of?

A

Myeloproliferative disease like CML

26
Q

Cell types that mediate allergic reactions?

A

Basophils and Mast cells

27
Q

What is contained in granules of basophils

A

Histamine and heparin

28
Q

Cell type that originates from same precursor as basophils

A

Mast cell

29
Q

Cell type that can bind Fc portion of IgE to membrane causing IgE to cross-link and degranulation

A

Mast cell

30
Q

What hypersensitivity reaction is a mast cell involved in?

A

Type I

31
Q

Asthma prophylaxis used to prevent mast cell degranulation

A

Cromolyn sodium

32
Q

Highly phagocytic antigen presenting cell that functions as a link between innate and adaptive immune system

A

Dendritic cell

33
Q

What are dendritic cells called in the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

34
Q

What type of receptors are expressed on dendritic cells?

A

MHC-II and Fc receptors

35
Q

Cells that are round with densely stained nucleus and small amount of cytoplasm

A

Lymphocytes

36
Q

What are the different types of lymphocytes?

A

B-cells, T-cells, NK cells

37
Q

Which lymphocytes mediate the adaptive immune system?

A

B and T-cells

38
Q

Which lymphocyte is part of the innate immune system?

A

NK cells

39
Q

Lymphocyte that is part of the humoral immune response?

A

B cell

40
Q

What MHC class molecule is expressed on B cells?

A

MHC-II

41
Q

Where in the lymph node to B-cells migrate to?

A

Follicles

42
Q

Where in the spleen are B-cells located?

A

White pulp

43
Q

Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue has what type of lymphocytes?

A

B-cells

44
Q

Lymphocyte that mediates cellular immune response

A

T-cells

45
Q

What CD marker to helper T-cells express?

A

CD28

46
Q

What signal is needed for T-cell activation?

A

Costimulatory signal (B7 on APC binds CD28 on T cell)

47
Q

Which cells are the primary target of HIV?

A

CD4+ helper T-cells

48
Q

MHC molecule recognized by CD8+ T-cells

A

MHC-I

49
Q

MHC molecule recognized by CD4+ T-cells

A

MHC-II

50
Q

Where are plasma cells normally found?

A

In bone marrow

51
Q

What malignancy is a plasma cell cancer?

A

Multiple myeloma

52
Q

Type of cell with “clock-face” chromatin and eccentric nucleus, abundant RER, and well-developed Golgi apparatus

A

Plasma cell

53
Q

What receptors are found on CD4+ T-cells?

A

CD3 and CD4

54
Q

What receptors are found on CD8+ T-cells?

A

CD3 and CD8

Step 1 Hematology/Oncology-First Aid 2017 (5 decks)

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