Anatomy Flashcards
What transporters are on RBCs?
Cl-/HCO3- antiporters
Function of Cl-/HCO3- antiporters?
Export HCO3- and transport CO2 from tissues to lungs
Varying sizes of RBCs
Anisocytosis
Varying shapes of RBCs
Poikilocytosis
Immature RBC
Reticulocyte
Bluish color on Wright-Giemsa stain of reticulocyte
Residual ribosomal RNA
What do dense granules of platelets contain?
ADP and calcium
What do a-granules of platelets contain?
vWF, fibrinogen, and fibronectin
Where is 1/3 of platelet pool stored?
Spleen
vWF receptor
GpIb
Fibrinogen receptor
GpIIb/IIIa
Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in what condition?
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Immature neutrophil
Band cell
Increased band cells are seen in what conditions?
Infections or CML
What do increased band cells reflect?
Myeloid proliferation
What are neutrophil chemotactic agents?
C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikrein, platelet-activating factor
Organelle within neutrophil that has azurophilic granules
Lysosome
Activates macrophages
IFN-y
Which MHC molecule is used by macrophages?
MHC-II
Where are histiocytes found?
In connective tissue
Where are Kupffer cells found?
In liver
How do bacterial interact with macrophages to cause septic shock
Lipid a binds CD14 on macrophage
Type of nucleus in eosinophil
Bilobate nucleus
What are some causes of eosinophilia?
NAACP: Neoplasia Asthma Allergic process Chronic adrenal insufficiency Parasites (invasive)
What is basophilia an indication of?
Myeloproliferative disease like CML
Cell types that mediate allergic reactions?
Basophils and Mast cells
What is contained in granules of basophils
Histamine and heparin
Cell type that originates from same precursor as basophils
Mast cell
Cell type that can bind Fc portion of IgE to membrane causing IgE to cross-link and degranulation
Mast cell
What hypersensitivity reaction is a mast cell involved in?
Type I
Asthma prophylaxis used to prevent mast cell degranulation
Cromolyn sodium
Highly phagocytic antigen presenting cell that functions as a link between innate and adaptive immune system
Dendritic cell
What are dendritic cells called in the skin?
Langerhans cells
What type of receptors are expressed on dendritic cells?
MHC-II and Fc receptors
Cells that are round with densely stained nucleus and small amount of cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
What are the different types of lymphocytes?
B-cells, T-cells, NK cells
Which lymphocytes mediate the adaptive immune system?
B and T-cells
Which lymphocyte is part of the innate immune system?
NK cells
Lymphocyte that is part of the humoral immune response?
B cell
What MHC class molecule is expressed on B cells?
MHC-II
Where in the lymph node to B-cells migrate to?
Follicles
Where in the spleen are B-cells located?
White pulp
Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue has what type of lymphocytes?
B-cells
Lymphocyte that mediates cellular immune response
T-cells
What CD marker to helper T-cells express?
CD28
What signal is needed for T-cell activation?
Costimulatory signal (B7 on APC binds CD28 on T cell)
Which cells are the primary target of HIV?
CD4+ helper T-cells
MHC molecule recognized by CD8+ T-cells
MHC-I
MHC molecule recognized by CD4+ T-cells
MHC-II
Where are plasma cells normally found?
In bone marrow
What malignancy is a plasma cell cancer?
Multiple myeloma
Type of cell with “clock-face” chromatin and eccentric nucleus, abundant RER, and well-developed Golgi apparatus
Plasma cell
What receptors are found on CD4+ T-cells?
CD3 and CD4
What receptors are found on CD8+ T-cells?
CD3 and CD8
