Anatomy Flashcards
Name the bony anatomy of the foot
Describe the boundaries, the arteries in, and the nerves in the posterior cervical triangle.
The posterior cervical triangle is bounded:
- Anteriorly by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Posteriorly by the anterior border of the trapezius muscle, and
- Inferiorly by the middle third of the clavicle.
The arteries in the posterior triangle are the:
- Third part of the subclavian artery
- Transverse cervical artery
- Suprascapular artery, and
- Occipital artery.
The nerves in the posterior triangle include the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus. Along with the accessory nerve the posterior triangle contains the:
- Cervical plexus
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Great auricular nerve
- Transverse cervical nerve
- Supraclavicular nerves, and
- Phrenic nerve.
The median nerve inneravates with muscles of the hand? and is composed of which nerve fibres?
The median nerve is composed of fibres from C5-T1.
In the hand it innervates:
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
- Flexor pollicis brevis, and
- First and second (lateral) lumbricals.
What are the structures that pass through the foramen magnum?
HINT: 8 structures.
- medulla oblongata
- meninges
- spinal root of the accessory nerve
- vertebral arteries
- anterior and posterior spinal arteries
- tectorial membrane and alar ligaments
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
C3
Hyoid bone
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
C4
- Bifurcation of common carotid artery
- thyroid cartilage
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
C6
- Cricoid cartilage
- trachea egins (end of larynx)
- oesophagus begins (end of pharynx)
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T1
Sternoclaviucular joint
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T2
- Superior angle of of scapula
- Suprasternal notch
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T4
- also known as thoracic plane or plane of Ludwig (see mnemonic)
- sternal angle of Louis
- arch of aorta
- bifurcation of trachea (carina)
- division between superior and inferior mediastinum
- azygos vein drains into SVC
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T8
inferior vena cava hiatus
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T9
xipisternal joint
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T10
oesophageal hiatus
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
T12
Aorta hiatus
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
L1
- also known as transpyloric plane
- ninth costal cartilage
- fundus gallbladder
- pylorus of stomach
- conus medullaris
- neck of pancreas
- superior mesenteric artery origin
- hilum of kidneys
- left: above
- right: below
- splenic vein transverses behind pancreas
- duodenal jejunal flexure
- cisterna chyli
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
L2
- Renal veins
- thoracic duct begins
- azygos and hemiazygos begin
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
L3
Umbilicus
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
L4
- Iliac crest
- bifurcation of abdominal aorta into left and right common iliac arteries
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
L5
Inferior vena cava formed (convergence of right and left common iliac veins)
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
S1
Sacral promontory
Vertebral levels (anatomical landmarks)
S2
- Posterior superior iliac spine
- dural sac ends
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
HINT: SADPUCKER
- S - supralrenal (adrenal) glands
- A - aorta/IVC
- D - duodenum (2nd and 3rd segment)
- P - pancrease
- U - ureters
- C - Colon (ascending and descending only)
- K - kidneys
- E - Oesophagus
