Anatomy

Question 1

What is the ala of the nose?

Answer 1

the side of the nostrils

Question 2

What is the philtrum?

Answer 2

the dip in the upper lip

Question 3

Superior bone of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

the ethmoid

Question 4

Inferior bone of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

the vomer

Question 5

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the nose? (3)

Answer 5

the roof, the lateral walls and the septum

Question 6

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the roof of the nose?

Answer 6

the cribiform plate and the crista galli (the anterior cranial fossa)

Question 7

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the lateral wall of the nose?

Answer 7

the superior and middle conchae, ethmoid air cells and orbital plate of the ethmoid

Question 8

Which Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate?

Answer 8

types II and III

Question 9

3 types of epithelium in the nasal cavities?

Answer 9

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium; respiratory epithelium; olfactory mucosa

Question 10

What is the pterion

Answer 10

the H-shaped sutures between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone which is the thinnest part of the skull

Question 11

Which bone contains the oragns of hearing and balance ?

Answer 11

Temporal bone

Question 12

Which nerves are contained within the temporal bone?

Answer 12

Facial nerve, vestibulocochlear

Question 13

What are the two parts to the temporal bone?

Answer 13

the squamous and petrous part

Question 14

Where is the external ear?

Answer 14

from the auricle to tympanic membrane

Question 15

Where is the middle ear?

Answer 15

the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Question 16

What is contained in the middle ear?

Answer 16

the eustachian tube

Question 17

What is the role of the middle ear?

Answer 17

amplify and conduct the sound waves to the internal ear

Question 18

Where is the internal ear?

Answer 18

the oval window to the internal acoustic meatus

Question 19

What is the role of the interal ear?

Answer 19

converts special sensory info into fluid waves and APs –> the brain

Question 20

What is the helix of the ear?

Answer 20

the ring of cartilage around the outside of the ear

Question 21

Nerve supply to the auricle of the ear (4)

Answer 21

C2,3 spinal nerve (most of auricle); CN VII (dotted around the opening); CN X (the inferior part of the external acoustic meatus + some tympanic membrane); CN V3 (the superior part of the external acoustic meatus + most of tympanic membrane)

Question 22

where does the lateral surface of the superior half of the auricle drain?

Answer 22

parotid lymph nodes

Question 23

Where does the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle drain?

Answer 23

mastoid lymph nodes (deep and cervical)

Question 24

Where does the rest of the auricle drain?

Answer 24

the superficial lymph nodes

Question 25

Where is the eventual pathway of all the auricular lymphatic drainage?

Answer 25

deep cervical nodes --> thoracic duct or R. lymphatic duct --> venous angle

Question 26

Skeleton of the external ear?

Answer 26

temporal bone and elastic cartilage

Question 27

Type of cartilage around the external ear?

Answer 27

elastic cartilage

Question 28

What composes the ear canal?

Answer 28

skin, cartilage, bone

Question 29

What glands produce earwax?

Answer 29

ceruminous glands

Question 30

What direction should you pull the auricle when examining a child?

Answer 30

posterioinferiorly

Question 31

What direction should you pull the auricle when examining an adult?

Answer 31

posterosuperiorly

Question 32

What is the thin part of the tympanic membrane called?

Answer 32

pars flaccida

Question 33

What should appear on the tympanic membrane when examining with an otoscope?

Answer 33

a cone of light - anteroinferiorly

Question 34

What is the umbo?

Answer 34

the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

Question 35

Primary nerve supply to external tympanic membrane

Answer 35

CN V3

Question 36

nerve supply to internal tympanic membrane

Answer 36

CN IX

Question 37

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation? [ENT]

Answer 37

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils

Question 38

What does the eustachian tube connect?

Answer 38

tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Question 39

CN's which can cause referred ear ache

Answer 39

V, VII, IX and X, C2/3

Question 40

What are the auditory ossicles?

Answer 40

Malleus, Incus, Stapes | Think I MISheard that

Question 41

where is the epitympanic recess?

Answer 41

superior to the tympanic membrane

Question 42

Where does the footplate of the stapes attach

Answer 42

the oval window

Question 43

What is properly posterior to the tympanic membrane?

Answer 43

tympanic cavity

Question 44

Where is the adenoid tonsil?

Answer 44

in the nasopharynx

Question 45

Where does the eustachian tube open?

Answer 45

in the nasopharynx

Question 46

nerve supply of the eustachian tube?

Answer 46

CN IX

Question 47

What nerve supplies the laryngopharynx?

Answer 47

CN X

Question 48

What course does the facial nerve take out of the cranial cavity?

Answer 48

internal acousitc meatus and stylomastoid process

Question 49

CN V3 sensory supplies...?(5)

Answer 49

the TMJ, the muscles of mastication, the teeth, parotid and submandibular gland, anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Question 50

Where does the facial nerve travel through the base of the skull?

Answer 50

the petrous temporal bone

Question 51

Where does the facial nerve sensory supply?

Answer 51

sphenoid sinus, nasal mucosa, soft palate

Question 52

Supply of the vagus nerve?

Answer 52

supraglottic larynx, laryngeal and lingual surfaces of the larynx,

Question 53

supplies the taste buds on the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 53

chorda tympani of CN VII

Question 54

Which salivary glands does CN VII supply?

Answer 54

submandibular and sublingual - chorda tympani

Question 55

Which salivary glands does CN IX supply?

Answer 55

Parotid gland - via the otic ganglion

Question 56

General sensory supply to the anterior tongue is from...

Answer 56

CN V3 - mandibular branch of trigeminal - foramen rotundum

Question 57

Special sensory supply to the anterior tongue is from...

Answer 57

CN VII - facial

Question 58

Sensory (general and special) supply to the posterior tongue is from...

Answer 58

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

Question 59

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

Answer 59

hypoglossal canal - travels alongside carotid sheath to the level of lingual artery

Question 60

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by...

Answer 60

CN XII - hypoglossal

Question 61

4 main muscles of the tongue

Answer 61

Genioglossus (big one), Styloglossus (most posterior), Palatoglossus (ant. to styloglossus), Hyoglossus (attaches hyoid)

Question 62

Where is the blood supply to the tongue from?

Answer 62

lingual artery

Question 63

Where does the lingual artery originate?

Answer 63

external carotid

Question 64

Which nerve passes through the palatine foramen?

Answer 64

CN V2 - maxillary branch of trigeminal - foramen ovale

Question 65

Bones of the palate?

Answer 65

two maxillary bones, two palatine