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Y2 ENT > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ala of the nose?

A

the side of the nostrils

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2
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

the dip in the upper lip

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3
Q

Superior bone of the nasal cavity

A

the ethmoid

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4
Q

Inferior bone of the nasal cavity

A

the vomer

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5
Q

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the nose? (3)

A

the roof, the lateral walls and the septum

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6
Q

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the roof of the nose?

A

the cribiform plate and the crista galli (the anterior cranial fossa)

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7
Q

What does the ethmoid bone contribute to in the lateral wall of the nose?

A

the superior and middle conchae, ethmoid air cells and orbital plate of the ethmoid

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8
Q

Which Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate?

A

types II and III

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9
Q

3 types of epithelium in the nasal cavities?

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium; respiratory epithelium; olfactory mucosa

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10
Q

What is the pterion

A

the H-shaped sutures between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone which is the thinnest part of the skull

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11
Q

Which bone contains the oragns of hearing and balance ?

A

Temporal bone

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12
Q

Which nerves are contained within the temporal bone?

A

Facial nerve, vestibulocochlear

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13
Q

What are the two parts to the temporal bone?

A

the squamous and petrous part

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14
Q

Where is the external ear?

A

from the auricle to tympanic membrane

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15
Q

Where is the middle ear?

A

the tympanic membrane to the oval window

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16
Q

What is contained in the middle ear?

A

the eustachian tube

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17
Q

What is the role of the middle ear?

A

amplify and conduct the sound waves to the internal ear

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18
Q

Where is the internal ear?

A

the oval window to the internal acoustic meatus

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19
Q

What is the role of the interal ear?

A

converts special sensory info into fluid waves and APs –> the brain

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20
Q

What is the helix of the ear?

A

the ring of cartilage around the outside of the ear

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21
Q

Nerve supply to the auricle of the ear (4)

A

C2,3 spinal nerve (most of auricle); CN VII (dotted around the opening); CN X (the inferior part of the external acoustic meatus + some tympanic membrane); CN V3 (the superior part of the external acoustic meatus + most of tympanic membrane)

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22
Q

where does the lateral surface of the superior half of the auricle drain?

A

parotid lymph nodes

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23
Q

Where does the cranial surface of the superior half of the auricle drain?

A

mastoid lymph nodes (deep and cervical)

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24
Q

Where does the rest of the auricle drain?

A

the superficial lymph nodes

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25
Q

Where is the eventual pathway of all the auricular lymphatic drainage?

A

deep cervical nodes –> thoracic duct or R. lymphatic duct –> venous angle

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26
Q

Skeleton of the external ear?

A

temporal bone and elastic cartilage

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27
Q

Type of cartilage around the external ear?

A

elastic cartilage

28
Q

What composes the ear canal?

A

skin, cartilage, bone

29
Q

What glands produce earwax?

A

ceruminous glands

30
Q

What direction should you pull the auricle when examining a child?

A

posterioinferiorly

31
Q

What direction should you pull the auricle when examining an adult?

A

posterosuperiorly

32
Q

What is the thin part of the tympanic membrane called?

A

pars flaccida

33
Q

What should appear on the tympanic membrane when examining with an otoscope?

A

a cone of light - anteroinferiorly

34
Q

What is the umbo?

A

the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

35
Q

Primary nerve supply to external tympanic membrane

A

CN V3

36
Q

nerve supply to internal tympanic membrane

A

CN IX

37
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply sensory innervation? [ENT]

A

middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils

38
Q

What does the eustachian tube connect?

A

tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

39
Q

CN’s which can cause referred ear ache

A

V, VII, IX and X, C2/3

40
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Think I MISheard that

41
Q

where is the epitympanic recess?

A

superior to the tympanic membrane

42
Q

Where does the footplate of the stapes attach

A

the oval window

43
Q

What is properly posterior to the tympanic membrane?

A

tympanic cavity

44
Q

Where is the adenoid tonsil?

A

in the nasopharynx

45
Q

Where does the eustachian tube open?

A

in the nasopharynx

46
Q

nerve supply of the eustachian tube?

A

CN IX

47
Q

What nerve supplies the laryngopharynx?

A

CN X

48
Q

What course does the facial nerve take out of the cranial cavity?

A

internal acousitc meatus and stylomastoid process

49
Q

CN V3 sensory supplies…?(5)

A

the TMJ, the muscles of mastication, the teeth, parotid and submandibular gland, anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

50
Q

Where does the facial nerve travel through the base of the skull?

A

the petrous temporal bone

51
Q

Where does the facial nerve sensory supply?

A

sphenoid sinus, nasal mucosa, soft palate

52
Q

Supply of the vagus nerve?

A

supraglottic larynx, laryngeal and lingual surfaces of the larynx,

53
Q

supplies the taste buds on the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

chorda tympani of CN VII

54
Q

Which salivary glands does CN VII supply?

A

submandibular and sublingual - chorda tympani

55
Q

Which salivary glands does CN IX supply?

A

Parotid gland - via the otic ganglion

56
Q

General sensory supply to the anterior tongue is from…

A

CN V3 - mandibular branch of trigeminal - foramen rotundum

57
Q

Special sensory supply to the anterior tongue is from…

A

CN VII - facial

58
Q

Sensory (general and special) supply to the posterior tongue is from…

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

59
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal - travels alongside carotid sheath to the level of lingual artery

60
Q

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by…

A

CN XII - hypoglossal

61
Q

4 main muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus (big one), Styloglossus (most posterior), Palatoglossus (ant. to styloglossus), Hyoglossus (attaches hyoid)

62
Q

Where is the blood supply to the tongue from?

A

lingual artery

63
Q

Where does the lingual artery originate?

A

external carotid

64
Q

Which nerve passes through the palatine foramen?

A

CN V2 - maxillary branch of trigeminal - foramen ovale

65
Q

Bones of the palate?

A

two maxillary bones, two palatine

Y2 ENT (5 decks)

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