Anatomy

Question 1

Origin and insertion of the anterior deltoid?

Answer 1

Origin: Corocoid process
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Action: flexion

Question 2

Origin and insertion of the medial deltoid?

Answer 2

Origin: acromion process
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Action: abduction

Question 3

Origin and insertion of the posterior deltoid?

Answer 3

Origin: scapula spine
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
Action: extension

Question 4

4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 4

Stabilise the shoulder joint

• Subscapularis
• Teres minor
• Infraspinatus
• supraspinatus

Question 5

Origin and insertion of the biceps brachii heads?

Answer 5

Long head: supra glenoid tubicle
Short head: Corocoid process
Both insert into bicipital apponeurosis to the radial tuberosity.

Action: flexor of the arm at the elbow joint and a supinator of the forearm (connects to radius think)

Question 6

Origin and insertion of the brachialis?

Answer 6

Lies deep
origin: anterior of humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: powerful flexor of elbow joint

Question 7

Origin and insertion of the corocobrachialis?

Answer 7

origin: Corocoid process with the short biceps brachii
insertion: midpoint of the humerus
Action: weak flexion and adductor of shoulder
Musculocutaneous nerve pierces.

Question 8

5 extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

Answer 8

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levitator scapulae, romboids (major and minor)

Question 9

Origin and insertion of the trapezius?

Answer 9

Origin: Skull (nuchal ligament), spinous processes c7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion and scapula spine.

Question 10

Action of the trapezius? Upper, middle, lower

Answer 10

Action:
Upper- elevate scapula and rotate during abduction of arm (think from skull to scapula going to make it rise with levator scapulae)

Middle- retract scapula (think connect to the spine contract shorten and bring in)

Lower- Depression of the scapula (pull down as connects to as low down as T12)

Question 11

origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 11

origin: T6-T12 (so ends the same point as the trapezius and diaphragm), iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: converge to the bicipital groove
(intertubercular groove) of humerus.

action: Extends, Adducts, medially rotates upper limb,

Question 12

What is the intertubercular groove/bicipital groove?

Answer 12

Between the lesser (medial) and greater tubercle of the humerus.
Long tendon of biceps brachii in, anterior circumflex artery in, latissimus dorsi converge to. Teres major inserts medial to also.

Question 13

Origin and insertion of rhomboid minor?

Answer 13

Origin: Nuchal ligament (down neck), C7-T1. (bottom half of the roots of brachial plexus)
Insertion; medial border of scapula.

Action: retract and rotate scapula( scapula to spine so brings it in)

Question 14

Origin and insertion of rhomboid major?

Answer 14

Origin: T2-T5 (below minor) (4 processes, minor only 3)
Insertion: medial border of scapula as well
Action: same as minor- retract and rotate scapula.

Question 15

Origin and insertion of Levator scapulae?

Answer 15

origin: C1-C4 (same as rhomboids just higher up).
Insertion: Medial border of scapula also
Action: elevate scapula.

Question 16

Summary of Levator scapula and rhomboids, trapezius, latissimus dorsi origins on spinal cord?

Answer 16

Nuchal crest: Trapezius
C1-C4: Levator Scapulae
C7-T1: Rhomboid minor           ¬
T2- T5: Rhomboid major             Trapezius
T6-T12: Latissimus Dosi          ¬
C7-T12: Trapezius
C7-T3: Serratus posterior superior
T11-L3: Serratus posterior inferior

Question 17

Difference between teres major and teres minor?

Answer 17

Minor is a rotator cuff muscle, its attatched to the scapula, whereas teres major is an intrinsic muscle of the shoulder.

Question 18

Teres minor insertion and origin?

Answer 18

Origin: Scapula Infraspinatus
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates the arm (its posterior whereas teres is anterior so medially rotates)

Question 19

What muscle abducts the arm 0-15 degrees? To 90degrees? Above this?

Answer 19

Superspinatus first 15degrees, then deltoid (lateral/medial same thing) then trapezius helps.

Question 20

Brachial plexus what are the roots from the spine?

Answer 20

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1.

Question 21

Distribution of the terminal braches of the brachial plexus nerves?

Answer 21

Musculocutaneous is most superior - Flexor compartment of the upper arm.
From this lateral cord, the lowest, medial cord, joins to make the Median nerve- Most of the flexors of the forearm, thenar and two lumbicals.
Ulna is the lowest branch which comes from the medial cord that joins the median. (MMU)

The other distinct cord then Is the ‘AR’, the top from the posterior cord.
The axillary comes out below the musculocutaneous (teres minor and deltoid)
The radial goes under the ulnar (like the bone radius rotates around) Posterior muscles.

Question 22

What comes out of the posterior cord of brachial plexus?

Answer 22

Thoraco-dorsal nerve and medial to that long thoracic nerve.

Question 23

medial epicondyle is the origin of…?

Answer 23

many flexors of the forearm.

Question 24

lateral epicondyle is the origin of..?

Answer 24

Many extensors of the forearm. (except carpi, extensor digitorum and digiti minimi)

Question 25

What are the flexors in the forearm?

Answer 25

4 superficial: From medial epicondyle- flexor carpi radialis, flexor palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres
1 intermediate: Flexor digitorum superficialis
3 deep: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 26

Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion? innervation?

Answer 26

Pisiform carpel bone and through to fifth metacarpel (little finger)
Ulna nerve
Flex and adduct the wrist (think its on medial side so will adduct towards body)

Question 27

Palmaris longus insertion? Innervation?

Answer 27

Median nerve found directly beneath this. Medial epichondyle to flexor retinaculum.
Fun fact absent in 15% of people.
Flexion on the palm
Goes into the aponeurosis of the palm

Question 28

Pronator teres origin insertion? Action?

Answer 28

From medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna to the shaft of the radius, forming the medial border of the cubital fossa.
Action is pronation as it contracts it brings the radius around the ulna

Question 29

flexor carpi radialis insertion? Action?

Answer 29

medial epichondyle to second and third metacarpel bones (index and middle finger). flexor and abductor of wrist joint. (on lateral side so will abduct)
Median nerve.

Question 30

Flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 30

Distally gives rise to 4 tendons to the phalanges deep to the flexor retinaculum within the carpel tunnel.
Flexes the wrist, metacarpophalange joint and proximal interphalangeal joint.

Question 31

All superficial flexors are innervated by the …. nerve, except ….. which is innervated by…..

Answer 31

median
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulna

Question 32

Flexor pollicis longus origin and insertion?

Answer 32

Origin: anterior side of radius, just below radial tuberosity. (biceps brachii tendon inserts)
insertion: through carpel tunnel, to distal phalanx of thumb.
Flexes the thumb

Question 33

Flexor digitorum profundus origin and insertion?

Innervation?

Answer 33

Anterior medial ulnar and interosseus membrane.
Tendons run under the flexor digtorum superficialis in the carpel tunnel to the phalanges, where they go further than the superficialis, to most distal phalanx.

Median- anterior interosseous nerve and ulna.

Question 34

Pronator quadratus insertions, action?

Answer 34

Between ulna and radius. Pronates forearm (radius around ulna)

Question 35

The deep flexors of the forearm are innervated by …. except for medial …… supplyed by …

Answer 35

Median branch anterior interosseous nerve

Medial flexor digitorum profundus by ulna (is on ulna side)

Question 36

Route of the artery and name changes in the upper limb?

Answer 36

Subcalvian until first rib- axillary in axillary sheath with brachial plexus behind pectoralis minor- below teres major =brachial, at cubital fossa split into

Question 37

Route of veins in upper limb?

Answer 37

starts as the subclavian vein, then splits into the cephilic and the axillary, which splits into the basilic. The cephilic runs lateral (C is later than B in alphabet) and basilic medially. These join in an H formation in the cubital fossa, as the cubital vein joins the two.
A medial branch may come off, and join as superficial palmar arch.

Question 38

Name the carpal bones?

Answer 38

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquestral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
Start furtheest back thumb side to little finger, then back to thumb for trapezium.