Anatomy

Question 1

List, in order, the parts of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

• the right and left nasal cavities
• or the oral cavity
• the naso- oro- & laryngo- pharynx
• the larynx

Question 2

List, in order, the lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

• trachea
• right & left bronchi
• lobar bronchi (located in lungs)
• segmental bronchi (located in lungs)
• bronchioles (located in lungs)
• alveoli (located in lungs)

Question 3

Define the upper respiratory tract & lit regions of body its located in

Answer 3

Head & neck.
Where the pharynx becomes the oesophagus & the larynx become the trachea the upper respiratory tract ends. This occurs at level of C6 vertebra.

Question 4

At what vertebral level does the upper respiratory tract end

Answer 4

C6

Question 5

Define the lower respiratory tract & list region of body its located in

Answer 5

The neck and thoracic cavity.

The lower respiratory tract commences where the pharynx becomes the oesophogus and the larynx becomes the trachea at C6.

Question 6

At what vertebral level does the lower respiratory tract commence

Answer 6

C6/C7 idk

Question 7

Define chest walls

Answer 7

The thorax has 2 parts: chest walls and chest cavity.
Chest wall layers:
*superficial to deep*
Skin
Fascia
Skeletal muscle 
Bone/joints
Parietal pleura

Question 8

Define chest cavity

Answer 8

The thorax has 2 parts: chest walls & chest cavity.
Chest cavity:
-within chest walls
-contains vital organs a.k.a viscera
-contains major vessels & nerves
-consists of mediastinum and right & left pleural cavities

Question 9

Define the mediastinum

Answer 9

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural sacs. It contains most of the thoracic organs, and acts as a conduit for structures traversing the thorax on their way into the abdomen.

Question 10

Define the pleural cavity

Answer 10

The pleural cavity is a potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura. It contains a small volume of serous fluid, which has two major functions.

1) Lubricates the surfaces of the pleurae, allowing them to slide over each other.
2) Produces a surface tension, pulling the parietal and visceral pleura together. This ensures that when the thorax expands, the lung also expands, filling with air.

(Note: if air enters the pleural cavity, this surface tension is lost – a condition known as pneumothorax)

Question 11

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 11

Pleura lining thoracic cavity i.e. pleura not touching lungs
Different parts of the parietal pleura have names based on what the pleura is touching:
1) Cervical
2) Mediastinal
3)Diaphragmatic
4)Costal

Question 12

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 12

The pleura lining the lungs

Question 13

What bones make up the chest wall?

Answer 13

12 Pairs of Ribs
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
Clavicle & Scapula
Sternum

Question 14

What joints are in the thoracic skeleton?

Answer 14

see word document called Joints of the Chest Wall in Week 1 Resp folder

Question 15

Define and explain the clinical significance of the costal margin

Answer 15

Palpable in patients