Anatomy

Question 1

division of abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

pubic symphysis to lumbar/sacral border defines the border to the pelvic cavity

Question 2

abdominal quadrants and important associated structures

Answer 2

RUQ: liver/gallbladder. LUQ: stomach. RLQ: cecum, appendix. LLQ: sigmoid colon

Question 3

abdominal regions: how to draw the lines?

Answer 3

2 mid-clavicular lines (or centre of inguinal ligament). SCP = subcostal plane just under ribs. TTP = trans tubercular plane ~L5

Question 4

TPP/ trans pyloric plane?

Answer 4

halfway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis, ~L1 or L1/L2. many important structures like the pyloris, gallbladder fundus intersect here

Question 5

middle 3 areas of gut + which dermatomes

Answer 5

epigastric/foregut = T7 -T9 (between xiphoid process + umbilicus). umbilical = T9 - T11. hypogastric = T11-L1 (umbilicus down to pelvic region)

Question 6

order of layers of abdominal wall

Answer 6

skin - superficial fascia (camper’s then scarpa’s underneath) - trilaminar muscle sheet + rectus abdominis) - bones

Question 7

scarpa’s fascia: where? continuous?

Answer 7

under/deep to Camper’s fascia. continuons with dartos fascia around penis/scrotum and then colles’ fascia

Question 8

urine extravasion?

Answer 8

urethral injurty @ penis bulb = urine leaks through potential space deep to the scarpa/dartos/colles fascia = swelling and edema in a bikini line defined by inguinal ligament

Question 9

trilaminar abdo muscles? then a fascia?

Answer 9

external abdo obliques down and in (hands in pockets). the internal abdo oblique. then transversus abdominus. underneath that is the transversalis fascia

Question 10

rectus sheat

Answer 10

above ASIS: EO + IO aponeurosis on top, TA + IO on bottom. below ASIS: all aponeurosis join on top; there is a free lower edge on RA

Question 11

inguinal canal formed by?

Answer 11

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis: inferior edge folds

Question 12

layers of the spermatic cord

Answer 12

vas deferens + artery, testicular artery + vein, lymphatics. all surrounded by cremaster muscle + fascia, and external spermatic fascia

Question 13

how layers of spermatic cord were derived

Answer 13

external spermatic fascia from ext abdo oblique. cremaster muscle from internal AO. internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia