Adult Nutrition

Question 1

nutrition is a ____ for chronic disease?

Answer 1

modifiable risk factor

Question 2

primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary prevention

Answer 2

1: keep ppl free of risk. 2: keep those at risk at low risk to delay disease onset. 3: treat those who are already disease to mitigate progression

Question 3

macro vs. micro nutrient definitions and examples

Answer 3

macro: essential components required in relatively large amounts: protein, carbs, fat and water. micronutrient: essential but require in minute amounts: electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, trace elements

Question 4

protein requirement. water requirement

Answer 4

0.6-1.5g/kg per day. 30 ml/kg

Question 5

association b/w foods and chronic diseases: veggies/fruit? whole grains? fish?

Answer 5

increase fruit/vegges = decrease CVD and cancer. whole grains = decrease CVD. fish = decrease CVD

Question 6

disease related malnutrition - definition

Answer 6

the point at which the severity or persistence of inflammation results in a decrease in lean body mass associated with functional impairment

Question 7

J curve of mortality?

Answer 7

moderate risk of mortality below BMI of 20. very low risk 20-25. low risk 25-30. mod risk 30-35. high risk 35-40. very high risk above 40

Question 8

metabolic response to starvation an injury

Answer 8

starvation: metabolic rate goes down. conserve body fuels, protein, and slow weight loss. but in presence of injury or ilness: waste body fuels and protein, increased metabolic rate and rapid weight loss = body adapts to starvation but not when accompanied by injury or illness

Question 9

when is weight loss lethal?

Answer 9

10% is significant, 40% lethal

Question 10

consequences of malnutrition in metabolically stressed patients

Answer 10

muscle wasting, severe weight loss, delayed wound healing, impaired immunity, multi-organ dysfunction, increased length of stay, higher costs + increased mortality

Question 11

6 components of nutritional assessment

Answer 11

quantify net nutrient intake. quantify abnormal losses. presence/degree of malabsoprtion. assess stress response. assess body weight/ composition. evaluate organ/tissue function.

Question 12

SGA classifications

Answer 12

A = well nourished. B = at risk for malnutrition. C = severely malnourished

Question 13

weight change: % and meaning?

Answer 13

<5% small. 5-10% potentially significant. >10% significant –> in the last 6 months. also ask about change in last 2 weeks

Question 14

when asking about GI symptoms: need duration of how long?

Answer 14

symptoms must persist for > 2 weeks