Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Discuss superficial fascia

A
  • located deep from skin and superficial from deep fascia
  • loose connective tissue, lots of fat
  • allows skin and other superficial structures to be mobile
  • serves as a conduit for superficial structures:
    • superficial veins, superficial lymphatic vessels, cutaneous nerves
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2
Q

Differentiate Cephalic and Basilic veins

A
  • cephalic
    • begins at radial confluence of the dorsal venous network of the hand, crosses the anatomical snuff box - ascends forearm and arm anterolaterally - then at clavipectoral trainagle penetrates deep fascia to join the terminal portion of the axillary vein
    • at the cubital fossa, a communication courses from the cephalic vein, medially, to join the basilic vein, called the medial cubital vein
  • basilic vein
    • begins at the ulnar confluence of the dorsal venous network of the hand - ascends forearm and arm anteromedially - then passes through deep fascia near the junction of the inferior and middle thirds of the arm.
    • joins veins accompanying the brachial artery to then begin the axillary vein
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3
Q

Superficial lymphatics

A
  • originate from lymphatic plexuses in the skin throughout hand
  • travel with superficial veins
  • numerous
  • some to cubital lymph nodes (proximal to medial epicondyle and medial to the basilic vein
  • some to deltopectoral lymph nodes
  • all eventually drain to deep axillary lymph nodes
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4
Q

dermatome consistency on hand and posteriorly

A
  • C6 - thumb
  • C7 - index
  • C8 - little finger

posteriorly

  • C6 - lateral from elbow
  • C7 - near elbow
  • C8 - medial from elbow
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5
Q

peripheral cutaneous nerve distribution

A
  • median nerve distribution
    • associated with carpal tunnel
  • ulnar nerve distribution
    • associated with ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow
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6
Q

Insertion of Subscapularis

A

Lesser Tubercle of Humerus

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7
Q

Origin of Subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa

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8
Q

triceps long head origin

A

infreglenoid tubercle of scapula

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9
Q

triceps brachii insertion

A

olecranon process of ulna

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10
Q

Action of subscapularis

A

Medially rotates arm

Stablizes shoulder joint

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11
Q

Origin of serratus anterior

A

Lateral surface of ribs 1-9

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12
Q

Insertion of serratus anterior

A

Medial border of scapula

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13
Q

triceps brachii blood supply

A

profunda brachii (deep brachial) artery

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14
Q

triceps brachi lateral head origin

A

proximal and lateral to radial groove of humerus

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15
Q

triceps brachii medial head origin

A

distal and medial to radial groove of humerus

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16
Q

Origin of subclavius

A

Superior surface of distal tip, costal cartilage of 1st rib

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17
Q

anconeus insertion

A

olecranon process of ulna and shaft of ulna

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18
Q

Insertion of subclavius

A

subclavius groove

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19
Q

anconeus function

A

assist in extending the elbow, abducts ulna during pronation

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20
Q

anconeus blood supply

A

profunda brachii and recurrent interosseus arteries

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21
Q

innervation of subclavius

A

Nerve to subclavius

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22
Q

action of subclavius

A

depress clavicle

seat claviccle in sternoclavicular joint

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23
Q

origin of perctoralis minor

A

ribs 3-5

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24
Q

coracobrachialis action

A

flexion and adduction of arm

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25
Q

insertion of pectoralis minor

A

coracoid process of scapula

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26
Q

innervation of pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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27
Q

brachialis origin

A

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

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28
Q

brachialis insertion

A

ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

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29
Q

action of pectoralis minor

A

depress

protract

downward rotation of scapula

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30
Q

brachialis function

A

primary flexor of elbow joint

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31
Q

brachialis blood supply

A

radial recurrent artery

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32
Q

biceps brachii short head origin

A

coracoid process of scapula

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33
Q

origin of pectoralis major

A

proximal half of clavicle

lateral margin of sternum and costal cartilage of ribs 1-7

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34
Q

biceps brachii insertion

A

radial tuberosity

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35
Q

biceps brachii innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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36
Q

insertion of pectoralis major

A

lateral margin of the intertubercular groove

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37
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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38
Q

action of pectoralis major

A

medial rotation

protraction

elevation

adduction of humerus

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39
Q

origin of supraspinatus

A

supraspinatus fossa

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40
Q

insertion of supraspinatus

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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41
Q

innervation of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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42
Q

action of supraspinatus

A

abduction of arm

stablize shoulder joint

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43
Q

origin of infraspinatus

A

infraspinatus fossa

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44
Q

insertion of infraspinatus

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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45
Q

innervation of infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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46
Q

action of infraspinatus

A

laterally rotate humerus

stabilize shoulder joint

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47
Q

innervation of triceps brachii

A

radial n.

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48
Q

function of triceps brachii

A

extension of the forearm

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49
Q

origin of anconeus

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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50
Q

innervation of anconeus

A

radial n

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51
Q

origin of coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

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52
Q

insertion of coracobrachialis

A

medial surface of mid humerus

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53
Q

innervation of coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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54
Q

blood supply of coracobrachialis

A

brachial artery

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55
Q

innervation of brachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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56
Q

blood supply of brachialis

A

radial recurrent arteries

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57
Q

innervation of subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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58
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

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59
Q

action of serratus anterior

A

protractor of the scapula

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60
Q

origin of teres minor

A

lateral border of scapula

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61
Q

insertion of teres minor

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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62
Q

innervation of teres minor

A

axillary nerve

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63
Q

action of teres minor

A

laterally rotate humerus

stabilize shoulder joint

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64
Q

origin of teres major

A

posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

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65
Q

insertion of teres major

A

medial lip of intertubercular groove

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66
Q

innervation of teres major

A

lower scapular nerve

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67
Q

action of teres major

A

extends / adducts / medially rotates arm

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68
Q

biceps brachii long head origin

A

supraglenoid tuberosity

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69
Q

blood supply biceps brachii

A

brachial artery

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70
Q

origin brachioradialis

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

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71
Q

insertion brachioradialis

A

lateral surface fo distal radius

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72
Q

innervation of brachioradialis

A

radial nerve

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73
Q

function of brachioradialis

A

flexion of elbow, small supination role

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74
Q

blood supply brachioradialis

A

radial recurrent artery

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75
Q

origin of pronator teres - humeral head

A

medial epicondyle and medial supracondylar ridge of humerus

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76
Q

insertion of pronator teres

A

lateral surface of radius - midshaft

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77
Q

innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve

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78
Q

function of pronator teres

A

primary pronator of forearm

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79
Q

blood supply of pronator teres

A

radial and ulnar arteries

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80
Q

origin pronator teres- ulnar head

A

medial side of coronoid process of ulna

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81
Q

origin palmaris brevis

A

medial side of palmar aponeurosis

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82
Q

insertion palmaris brevis

A

skin on medial part of palm

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83
Q

innervation palmaris brevis

A

superficial ulnar nerve

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84
Q

function of palmaris brevis

A

create creases when gripping

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85
Q

blood supply palmaris brevis

A

superficial palmar arch

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86
Q

origin abductor pollicis brevis

A

trapezium

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87
Q

insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

A

radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb

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88
Q

innervation of abductor pollicis brevis

A

recurrent median n

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89
Q

function of abductor pollicis brevis

A

abducts thumb at CMC joint

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90
Q

blood supply of abductor pollicis brevis

A

superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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91
Q

origin of deltoid

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

acromion

spine of scapula

92
Q

insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

93
Q

innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve

94
Q

action of deltoid

A

abducts arm

flexes and medially rotates arm

extends and laterally rotates arm

95
Q

origin of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

96
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

base of 2nd metacarpal

97
Q

innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

radial nerve

98
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis

A

extends and abducts wrist

99
Q

blood supply of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

radial and radial recurrent artery

100
Q

origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

common extensor tendon

101
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radial brevis

A

base of 3rd metacarpal

102
Q

innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

deep radial nerve

103
Q

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

extends and abducts wrist

104
Q

blood supply of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

radial and radial recurrent artery

105
Q

origin of extensor digitorum

A

common extensor tendon

106
Q

insertion of extensor digitorum

A

extensor expansion

107
Q

innervation of extensor digitorum

A

posterior interosseous

108
Q

action of extensor digitorum

A

extends wrist and all joints of the fingers 2-5

109
Q

blood supply of extensor digitorum

A

posterior interosseous artery

110
Q

origin of extensor digiti minimi

A

common extensor tendon

111
Q

insertion of extensor digit minimi

A

extensor expansion of 5th digit

112
Q

innervation of extensor digit minimi

A

posterior interosseous

113
Q

action of extensor digiti minimi

A

extends 5th digit

114
Q

blood supply of extensor digiti minimi

A

posterior interosseous artery

115
Q

origin of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

common extensor tendon

116
Q

insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

base of 5th metacarpal

117
Q

innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

posterior interosseous

118
Q

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts wrist

119
Q

blood supply of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

posterior interosseous artery

120
Q

origin of supinator

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal ulna

121
Q

insertion of supinator

A

upper part of radius

122
Q

innervation of supinator

A

deep radial nerve

123
Q

action of supinator

A

supinates forearm

124
Q

blood supply of supinator

A

radial recurrent artery

posterior interosseous artery

125
Q

origin of extensor indicis

A

lower part of ulna

126
Q

insertion of extensor indicis

A

extensor expansion of 2nd digit

127
Q

innervation of extensor indicis

A

posterior interosseous

128
Q

action of extensor indicis

A

extends all joints of 2nd digit

129
Q

blood supply of extensor indicis

A

posterior interosseous artery

130
Q

origin of abductor pollicis longus

A

interosseous membrane

radius and ulna

131
Q

insertion of abductor pollicis longus

A

base of 1st metacarpal

132
Q

innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous

133
Q

action of abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts and extends CMC joint of thumb

134
Q

blood supply of abductor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous artery

135
Q

origin of extensor pollicis longus

A

interosseous membrane of ulna

136
Q

origin of flexor pollicis brevis

A

trapezium

137
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

A

base of the proximal phalanx of thumb

138
Q

innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

A

recurrent median n

139
Q

function of flexor pollicis brevis

A

abducts thumb at CMC and MP jointts

140
Q

blood supply of flexor pollicis brevis

A

superficial palmar branch of radial artery

141
Q

origin opponens pollicis

A

trapezium

142
Q

insertion of opponens pollicis

A

radial side of first metacarpal

143
Q

innervation of opponens pollicis

A

recurrent median n.

144
Q

function of opponens pollicis

A

abducts, flexes, and medially rotates thumb at CMC joint (opposition)

145
Q

blood supply of opponens pollicis

A

superficial palmar branch of radial artery

146
Q

origin of adductor pollicis - transverse head

A

3rd metacarpal

147
Q

insertion of adductor pollicis

A

ulnar side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

148
Q

innervation of adductor pollicis

A

deep ulnar

149
Q

function of adductor pollicis

A

adducts thumb at CMS joint (pinch grip)

150
Q

blood supply to adductor pollicis

A

deep palmar arch

151
Q

origin adductor pollicis - oblique head

A

base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate bone

152
Q

origin of abductor digiti minimi

A

pisiform

153
Q

insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit

154
Q

innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

deep ulnar n.

155
Q

function of abductor digiti minimi

A

abducts MP joint of fifth digit

156
Q

blood supply of abductor digiti minimi

A

deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

157
Q

origin of flexor digiti minimi

A

hook (hamulus) of hamate

158
Q

insertion of flexor digiti minimi

A

medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

159
Q

innervation of flexor digiti minimi

A

deep ulnar n.

160
Q

function of flexor digiti minimi

A

flexes MP joint of 5th digit

161
Q

blood supply to flexor digiti minimi

A

deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

162
Q

origin of opponens digiti minimi

A

hook (hamulus) of hamate

163
Q

insertion of opponens digiti minimi

A

body of 5th metacarpal

164
Q

innervation of opponens digiti minimi

A

deep ulnar n.

165
Q

function of opponens digiti minimi

A

laterally rotates and helps flex CMC joint

166
Q

blood supply to opponens digiti minimi

A

deep palmar branch of ulnar artery

167
Q

lumbricals origin

A

tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

168
Q

lumbricals insertion

A

extensor expansion

169
Q

lumbricals innervation

A

3rd-4th lumbricals - deep ulnar

1st-2nd - digital median nerve

170
Q

function of lumbricals

A

flexes MP joint, extends IP joint

171
Q

blood supply of lumbricals

A

superficial and deep palmar arches

172
Q

palmar interossei origin

A

1st - ulnar side of metacarpal 2

2nd - radial side of metacarpal 4

3rd radial side of metacarpal 5

173
Q

palmar interossei insertion

A

extensor hood of same digit they arise from

174
Q

palmar interossei innervation

A

deep ulnar n

175
Q

palmar interossei function

A

adduct respective finger toward 3rd finger (PAD)

176
Q

blood supply to palmar interossei

A

deep palmar arch

177
Q

dorsal interossei origin

A

adjacent metacarpal bases and shafts

178
Q

dorsal interossei insertion

A

extensor expansions

179
Q

dorsal interossei innervation

A

deep ulnar n

180
Q

dorsal interossei function

A

abduct respective finger away from 3rd finger (DAB)

181
Q

blood supply to dorsal interossei

A

deep palmar arch

182
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

183
Q

innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous

184
Q

action of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends all joints of thumb

185
Q

blood supply of extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior interosseous artery

186
Q

origin of extensor pollicis brevis

A

interosseous membrane

radius

187
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

188
Q

innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior interosseous

189
Q

action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends cmc and mp joints of thumb

190
Q

blood supply of extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior interosseous artery

191
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin

A

medial epicondyle via common tendon

192
Q

flexor carpi radialis insertion

A

radius

193
Q

flexor carpi radialis innervation

A

median n.

194
Q

flexor carpi radialis function

A

flexes and abducts the wrist

195
Q

blood supply to flexor carpi radialis

A

radial artery

196
Q

origin of palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle via common tendon

197
Q

insertion of palmaris longus

A

palmar aponeurosis

198
Q

palmaris longus innervation

A

median n

199
Q

palmaris longus action

A

flexes wrist

200
Q

palmaris longus blood supply

A

posterior ulnar recurrent a

201
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

medial epicondyle via common tendon

202
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

pisiform

203
Q

innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar n.

204
Q

function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes and adducts the wrist

205
Q

blood supply to flexor carpi ulnaris

A

posterior ulnar recurrent artery

206
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

medial epicondyle via common tendon, humero-ulna, and radial heads

207
Q

flexor digitorum profundus origin

A

ulna and interosseous membrane

208
Q

flexor digitorum profundus insertion

A

distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

209
Q

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

A

median and ulnar n.

210
Q

function of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes all joints of digits 2-5, flexes wrist

211
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

middle phalnages of fingers 2-5

212
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median n.

213
Q

function of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes wrist joint, MP and PIP joints of digits 2-5

214
Q

blood supply of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

radial and ulnar arteries

215
Q

blood supply of flexor digitorum profundus

A

anterior interosseous artery, muscular branches of ulnar artery

216
Q

origin of flexor pollicis longus

A

radius and interosseous membrane

217
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

distal phalanx of thumb

218
Q

innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

median n.

219
Q

function of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes all joints of the thumb

220
Q

blood supply to flexor pollicis longus

A

anterior interosseous artery

221
Q

origin of pronator quadratus

A

distal part of ulna

222
Q

insertion of pronator quadratus

A

distal and lateral aspect of radius

223
Q

innervation of pronator quadratus

A

median n.

224
Q

function of pronator quadratus

A

pronates forearm

225
Q

blood supply to pronator quadratus

A

anterior interosseous artery