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Cardiology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries arise from the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
(right common carotid and subclavian)
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

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2
Q

Name the veins that join to make the inferior vena cava

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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3
Q

At what plane level does the inferior vena cava enter the pericardium

A

T8

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4
Q

Name the veins which join to make up the superior vena cava

A

Brachiocephalic veins travel inferiorly through thoracic region. Drains into right atrium at 3rd Rib

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5
Q

At what plane level does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate into the pulmonary arteries.

A

T5-6

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6
Q

Name the division between the atria and the ventricles

A

Coronary Sulci

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7
Q

What are the names of the divisions separating the ventricles

A

Anterior and Posterior intraventricular sulci

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8
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the transverse pericardial sinus

A

Used to identify artery to ligate in a CABG
It is:
Posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Anterior to superior to vena cava
Superior to lever atrium.

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9
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae
Coronary veins
Pumps the blood through the atrioventricular orifice into the right ventricle

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10
Q

Describe the role of the right auricle

A

a muscular pouch that acts to increase the capacity of the atrium.

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11
Q

Name and describe the two main parts of the right atrium

A

Sinus venarum- Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava. Derived from sinus venosus

Atrium proper- includes right auricle. Rough muscular walls formed from by pectinate muscles

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12
Q

Where does the coronary sinus open

A

Between atrioventricular orifices and inferior vena cava orifice

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13
Q

Clinical Relevance of fossa oval is

A

Small oval shaped depression. Allows shunting of blood between atrias; closes normally once you take your first breath.

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14
Q

What is the inflow and outflow portion of the left atrium

A

Its iinternal surface is smooth and it is derived from the pulmonary veins themselve

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15
Q

Types of pectinate muscles which make up the trabeculae carneae

A

Ridges- Attached along entire inner surface of the ventricles
Bridges - Attached to ventricles at both ends. Free in the middle
Key role in conductive function
Pillars (Papillary) - anchored at bases. Apices attach to chords tendineae which in turns attaches to the 3 tricuspid valves

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16
Q

Conus arteriosus

A

Outflow portion to pulmonary arteries. Smooth with no trabeculae carneae

17
Q

Aortic Vestibule

A

Outflow portion of the Left ventricle. Smooth wall with no trabeculae carneae.

18
Q

Describe the electrical pathway in the heart

A

SAN -> AVN -> Bundle of His-> Purkinje Fibers

Electrical impulse R to L in atria, L to R in ventricles

19
Q

What nerves regulate heart rate

A 
Vague nerve (parasympathetic)
Sympathetic nerves
20
Q

What are the different type of heart blocks

A

First degree- PR greater than 0.2. When impulse takes longer to go from SAN to AVN

Mobitz I/ Wenckeback -PR lengthens followed by a loss beat (QRS). Mostly due to AVN problems

Mobitz II - Non conducting P waves. No PR prolongation. QRS complex is usually wide. Usually bundle of his disease

Third degree - P-P and QRS-QRS intervals regular but complete dissociation between P and QRS. Most common cause previous MI

RBBB: right bundle of his damaged. Impulse comes from left bundle branch. QRS widened. RSR’ in V1-3. Slurred S waves in 1,aVL, v5-6

LBBB: left bundle of his damaged. Left ventricle gets impulse from right side. QRS wide >120ms. Deep S wave in V1. Broad R waves and absence of Q waves in lateral (1, v5-6 maybe aVL)

Incomplete LBBB is when QRS<120 ms. Has rest of morphology

21
Q

Branches of Right coronary artery (MI leads II,III, aVF, possible v3-v4)

A

Right marginal artery (anterior surface)

Posterior intraventricular artery (right posterior surface)

22
Q

Branches of left coronary artery

A

Left anterior descending (anterior, leads V1-6 most likely v2,v1)
Left marginal artery (anterior surface)
Circumflex (left posterior surface, lateral leads I, aVL, V5-V6)

23
Q

What area of the heart does the RCA supply

A

Right atrium
SA and AV nodes
Posterior part of intraventricular septum

24
Q

What area of the heart does the right marginal artery supply

A

Right ventricle

Apex

25
Q

What are of the heart does the posterior intraventricular artery supply?

A

Right and left ventricles

Anterior 2/3 of the intraventricular septum

26
Q

What area of the heart does the LCA supply?

A

Left atrium and ventricle
AV bundles
IVS

27
Q

Main branches of descending abdominal aorta

Prostitutes Cause Sagging Swollen Red Testicles [in men] Living In Sin

A

Phrenic [inferior] : T12
Coeliac T12
Superior mesenteric L1
Suprarenal [middle] T12
Renal L1
Testicular [“in men” only] L2
Lumbars
Inferior mesenteric L3
Sacral L5

Cardiology (10 decks)

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