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MRCS Part b > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial forearm muscles

A 
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus
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2
Q

Deep forearm muscles

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus

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3
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A
  1. Common flexor origin
  2. 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bases
  3. Median n
  4. Wrist flexion, radial deviation, pronation
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4
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Common flexor origin, olecranon and ulna
  2. Pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal
  3. Ulnar nerve
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5
Q

Carpal tunnel contents

A 
Median nerve
9 tendons:
4 flexor digitorum superficialis
4 flexor digitorum profundus
1 flexor pollicis longus

(FCR runs into the retinaculum)

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6
Q

Coronary sinus tributaries (5)

A 
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Left oblique cardiac vein
Posterior left ventricular vein
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7
Q

Three main cardiac venous drainage

A 
Coronary sinus and branches 
Anterior cardiac veins (drain ant RV directly into RA)
Thesbian veins (20-30%), smallest veins drain directly into RA/RV
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8
Q

Attachments of the fibrous pericardium

A

Superior: great cardiac vessels
Anterior: sternopericardial ligament
Inferior: central tendon of diaphragm

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9
Q

Right coronary artery supplies (5)

A 
Right atrium
Right ventricle (most off)
Posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum
60% of SAN
40% of AVN
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10
Q

LCA supples

A

LA
LV(majority)
Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
10% of AVN

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11
Q

Structures that pass through parotid gland

A

Facial nerve and branches
External carotid artery (divide into superficial temporal and maxillary branches)
Retromandibular vein (made up of superficial temporal and maxillary veins)
(Auriculotemporal nerve)

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12
Q

Structures deep to submandibular gland

A

Facial artery
Mylohyoid
Hypoglossus muscle
Submandibular ganglion

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13
Q

Structures superficial to submandibular gland

A

Facial vein
Marginal mandibular branch of VII
Lingual nerve

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14
Q

Origin of External jugular vein

A

Posterior branches of retromandibular veins
Posterior auricular veins

Start at angle of mandible, or parotid gland

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15
Q

Branches of external carotid artery (inferior to superior)

A 
Superior thyroid 
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
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16
Q

External carotid artery:

Origin and termination

A

Origin: upper body of thyroid cartilage

Terminate: inside parotid gland, by dividing into superficial temporal and maxillary branches

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17
Q

Which tongue muscle is not supplied by CNXII?

A

Palatoglossus, supplied by pharyngeal plexus

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18
Q

Digastric muscle

  1. Origin and insertion
  2. Derivatives from pharyngeal arch
  3. Innervation
A
  1. Mandible, hyoid and mastoid process
  2. Anterior belly: 1st pharyngeal arch
    Posterior belly: 2nd pharyngeal arch
  3. Anterior: mylohyoid nerve, branch of Vc
    Posterior: facial nerve
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19
Q

Submandibular duct (ie. Wharton duct)

  1. Where does it run and open into?
  2. Nerves closely related to it
A
  1. Between mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles, opens lateral to the lingual frenulum
  2. Lingual nerve wraps around it
    Hypoglossal nerve
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20
Q

Tongue responsible for tongue protrusion

A

Genioglossus

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21
Q

Branches of facial nerve:

  1. Within facial canal
  2. Extracranial before parotid gland
  3. Parotid gland
A
  1. Greater petrosal nerve
    Chorda tympani
    Nerve to stapedius
    (GCS)
  2. Posterior auricular nerve
    Digastric (posterior belly)
    Stylohyoid
    (PDS)
  3. TZBMC
22
Q

Branches of Va

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary

23
Q

Vc branches

A
  1. Nerve to medial pterygoid
    (M. Pterygoid, tensor tympani,
    Tensor veli palatini)
  2. Anterior division (mastication muscles)
    Supplies temporalis, lat pterygoid, masseter
    Buccal branch (lower cheek and mouth/gum)
  3. Posterior division (ALI)
    Auriculotemporal
    Lingual
    Inferior alveolar (becomes mental)
    Nerve to mylohyoid
24
Q

Superior orbital fissure contents

A
  1. Nerves:
    Va branches and EOM branches
2. Veins: 
     Ophthalmic vein (both sup and inf divisions)
  1. Arteries:
    Lacrimal
    MMA
25
Q

Foramen ovale contents (3)

A

Mandibular branch (Vc)
Accessory meninges artery
Lesser Petrosal nerve

26
Q

7 bones that make up orbit

A 
Frontal 
Lacrimal
Palatine*
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Zygoma*
Sphenoid
27
Q

Structures passing through inferior orbital fissure

A

Nerve:
Infraorbital (Vb)
Zygomatic (Vb)

Inf orbital vein

Pterygopalatine branches

28
Q

Level at which dural sac terminates

A

S2

29
Q

Cavernous sinus

  1. Veins that drain into it (3)
  2. Outflow of cavernous sinus
A
  1. Middle cerebral vein
    Sup and inf ophthalmic veins
    Sphenopalatine sinus
  2. Inferior petrosal sinus
    Superior petrosal sinus
30
Q

Hyoid bone vertebral level and pharyngeal arch

A

C3

3rd pharyngeal arch

31
Q

Thyroid cartilage vertebral level and pharyngeal arch

A

C4, 4th arch

32
Q

Cricoid cartilage vertebral level and pharyngeal arch

A

C6 and 6th arch

33
Q

Muscles that open vocal cords and it’s innervation

A 
Posterior cricoarytenoid
(Posterior = oPen)

RLN innervation

34
Q

Muscle which closes vocal cords, and innervation

A 
Lateral cricyarytenoid
(Lateral = cLose)

RLN

35
Q

Level of pulmonary hila

A

T5-T7

36
Q

Trachea bifurcation level

Trachea starts level

A

T5 upper border

C6 = starting level

37
Q

Sites of portosystemic anastomoses

A 
Lower oesophagus
Rectum/upper anal canal
Umbilicus
Bare area of liver
Retroperitoneum 
Patent ductus venosus
38
Q

Posterior relations to both kidneys (4 muscles)

A

QuiT DP

Quadratus lumborum
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
Psoas major

39
Q

Carotid bifurcation level

A

C4. Suprathyroid notch

40
Q

Indications of cardiac transplantation

A
  1. Life expectancy of 1year
  2. NYHA stage 4, refractory to medical abs surgical therapy
  3. Usually idiopathic or ischaemic cardiomyopathy or congenital heart disease
41
Q

Posterior mediastinum contents (5)

A 
Aorta (thoracic)
Oesophagus
Sympathetic nerves
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
42
Q

Flexor retinaculum attachments

A

(The two ulnar and radial carpal bones):
Pisiform and hook of hamate
Scaphoid and trapezium

43
Q

Leinorenal ligament contents

A 
Splenic vessels (ie. artery and vein)
Tail of pancreas
44
Q

Fibularis longus

Origin and insertion

A

Head of fibula

1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

45
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

Lower 2/3 of fibula

Base of 5th metatarsal

46
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Lower 1/3 of fibula

Base of 5th metatarsal

47
Q

Muscles in deep compartment of leg

A

Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus

48
Q

Roots of sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

49
Q

Muscles attached to Linda aspera

A

Short head of biceps
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Adductors

50
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

1st part: (lat border of first rib to pect minor)
- superior thoracic

2nd part: (behind pect minor)

  • lateral thoracic
  • acromiothoracic

3rd part: (pect minor to teres major)

  • subscapular
  • anterior circumflex
  • posterior circumflex humerus

MRCS Part b (12 decks)

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