Anatomy Flashcards
Superficial forearm muscles
Pronator teres Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum superficialis Palmaris longus
Deep forearm muscles
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
- Common flexor origin
- 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bases
- Median n
- Wrist flexion, radial deviation, pronation
Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Common flexor origin, olecranon and ulna
- Pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal
- Ulnar nerve
Carpal tunnel contents
Median nerve 9 tendons: 4 flexor digitorum superficialis 4 flexor digitorum profundus 1 flexor pollicis longus
(FCR runs into the retinaculum)
Coronary sinus tributaries (5)
Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Left oblique cardiac vein Posterior left ventricular vein
Three main cardiac venous drainage
Coronary sinus and branches Anterior cardiac veins (drain ant RV directly into RA) Thesbian veins (20-30%), smallest veins drain directly into RA/RV
Attachments of the fibrous pericardium
Superior: great cardiac vessels
Anterior: sternopericardial ligament
Inferior: central tendon of diaphragm
Right coronary artery supplies (5)
Right atrium Right ventricle (most off) Posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum 60% of SAN 40% of AVN
LCA supples
LA
LV(majority)
Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
10% of AVN
Structures that pass through parotid gland
Facial nerve and branches
External carotid artery (divide into superficial temporal and maxillary branches)
Retromandibular vein (made up of superficial temporal and maxillary veins)
(Auriculotemporal nerve)
Structures deep to submandibular gland
Facial artery
Mylohyoid
Hypoglossus muscle
Submandibular ganglion
Structures superficial to submandibular gland
Facial vein
Marginal mandibular branch of VII
Lingual nerve
Origin of External jugular vein
Posterior branches of retromandibular veins
Posterior auricular veins
Start at angle of mandible, or parotid gland
Branches of external carotid artery (inferior to superior)
Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal
External carotid artery:
Origin and termination
Origin: upper body of thyroid cartilage
Terminate: inside parotid gland, by dividing into superficial temporal and maxillary branches
Which tongue muscle is not supplied by CNXII?
Palatoglossus, supplied by pharyngeal plexus
Digastric muscle
- Origin and insertion
- Derivatives from pharyngeal arch
- Innervation
- Mandible, hyoid and mastoid process
- Anterior belly: 1st pharyngeal arch
Posterior belly: 2nd pharyngeal arch - Anterior: mylohyoid nerve, branch of Vc
Posterior: facial nerve
Submandibular duct (ie. Wharton duct)
- Where does it run and open into?
- Nerves closely related to it
- Between mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles, opens lateral to the lingual frenulum
- Lingual nerve wraps around it
Hypoglossal nerve
Tongue responsible for tongue protrusion
Genioglossus
Branches of facial nerve:
- Within facial canal
- Extracranial before parotid gland
- Parotid gland
- Greater petrosal nerve
Chorda tympani
Nerve to stapedius
(GCS) - Posterior auricular nerve
Digastric (posterior belly)
Stylohyoid
(PDS) - TZBMC
Branches of Va
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Vc branches
- Nerve to medial pterygoid
(M. Pterygoid, tensor tympani,
Tensor veli palatini) - Anterior division (mastication muscles)
Supplies temporalis, lat pterygoid, masseter
Buccal branch (lower cheek and mouth/gum) - Posterior division (ALI)
Auriculotemporal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar (becomes mental)
Nerve to mylohyoid
Superior orbital fissure contents
- Nerves:
Va branches and EOM branches
2. Veins:
Ophthalmic vein (both sup and inf divisions)
- Arteries:
Lacrimal
MMA
Foramen ovale contents (3)
Mandibular branch (Vc)
Accessory meninges artery
Lesser Petrosal nerve
7 bones that make up orbit
Frontal Lacrimal Palatine* Ethmoid Maxilla Zygoma* Sphenoid
Structures passing through inferior orbital fissure
Nerve:
Infraorbital (Vb)
Zygomatic (Vb)
Inf orbital vein
Pterygopalatine branches
Level at which dural sac terminates
S2
Cavernous sinus
- Veins that drain into it (3)
- Outflow of cavernous sinus
- Middle cerebral vein
Sup and inf ophthalmic veins
Sphenopalatine sinus - Inferior petrosal sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
Hyoid bone vertebral level and pharyngeal arch
C3
3rd pharyngeal arch
Thyroid cartilage vertebral level and pharyngeal arch
C4, 4th arch
Cricoid cartilage vertebral level and pharyngeal arch
C6 and 6th arch
Muscles that open vocal cords and it’s innervation
Posterior cricoarytenoid (Posterior = oPen)
RLN innervation
Muscle which closes vocal cords, and innervation
Lateral cricyarytenoid (Lateral = cLose)
RLN
Level of pulmonary hila
T5-T7
Trachea bifurcation level
Trachea starts level
T5 upper border
C6 = starting level
Sites of portosystemic anastomoses
Lower oesophagus Rectum/upper anal canal Umbilicus Bare area of liver Retroperitoneum Patent ductus venosus
Posterior relations to both kidneys (4 muscles)
QuiT DP
Quadratus lumborum
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
Psoas major
Carotid bifurcation level
C4. Suprathyroid notch
Indications of cardiac transplantation
- Life expectancy of 1year
- NYHA stage 4, refractory to medical abs surgical therapy
- Usually idiopathic or ischaemic cardiomyopathy or congenital heart disease
Posterior mediastinum contents (5)
Aorta (thoracic) Oesophagus Sympathetic nerves Azygos vein Thoracic duct
Flexor retinaculum attachments
(The two ulnar and radial carpal bones):
Pisiform and hook of hamate
Scaphoid and trapezium
Leinorenal ligament contents
Splenic vessels (ie. artery and vein) Tail of pancreas
Fibularis longus
Origin and insertion
Head of fibula
1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Fibularis brevis
Lower 2/3 of fibula
Base of 5th metatarsal
Fibularis tertius
Lower 1/3 of fibula
Base of 5th metatarsal
Muscles in deep compartment of leg
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus
Roots of sciatic nerve
L4-S3
Muscles attached to Linda aspera
Short head of biceps
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Adductors
Branches of axillary artery
1st part: (lat border of first rib to pect minor)
- superior thoracic
2nd part: (behind pect minor)
- lateral thoracic
- acromiothoracic
3rd part: (pect minor to teres major)
- subscapular
- anterior circumflex
- posterior circumflex humerus
