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Anesthesia MM/TL > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cricothyroid muscle do?

A

It tenses the vocal cord (adduction)

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2
Q

What is the most commonly injured nerve in thyroid and parathyroid surgery?

A

Superior laryngeal

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of superior laryngeal nerve injury?

A

Weak or hoarse voice

A voice that tires

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4
Q

What happens with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve damage?

A

Hoarseness/ problems with phonation

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5
Q

What happens with chronic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury?

A

Aphonia

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6
Q

What happens with acute bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury?

A

Strider

Respiratory distress

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7
Q

What happens with bilateral vagus nerve injury?

A

Aphonia

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8
Q

What happens with unilateral vagus nerve injury?

A

Hoarseness

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9
Q

Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves lie?

A

Lateral to trachea and posterior to thyroid

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10
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do?

A

Provides sensation to vocal cords and trachea

Provides motor to laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

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11
Q

What does the superior laryngeal do?

A

Motor to cricothyroid

Sensation to everything above the vocal cords to the epiglottis

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12
Q

What nerve can be injured during repair of a PDA?

A

Left Recurrent laryngeal via the vagus

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13
Q

What does ductus arteriosus do?

A

Connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta to bypass the lungs in utero

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14
Q

Where does the recurrent larger travel?

A

Inferior and posterior to the aortic arch

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15
Q

What is the efferent limb of the laryngeal spasm reflex?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus)

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16
Q

What is the afferent limb of the laryngeal spasm reflex?

A

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

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17
Q

What muscles are responsible for the laryngeal spasm reflex?

A

Lateral cricoid and transverse arytenoids are the major adductors

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18
Q

Which nerve is unaffected in lithotomy position?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous

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19
Q

What does the sural nerve supply?

A

The lateral foot and leg

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20
Q

Where does the sural nerve come from?

A 
Common peroneal from sciatic
Tibial nerve (medial sural)
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21
Q

What nerve supplies the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial peroneal from common peroneal

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22
Q

What supplies the apex of the RV?

A

LAD

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23
Q

What supplies the bundle of His?

A

RCA

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24
Q

What supplies the posterior and inferior walls of the LV?

A

PDA from RCA

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25
Q

What supplies the SA node?

A

RCA 60% of the time, LCX 40% of the time

This supply does not depend on dominance

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26
Q

What is left dominant circulation?

A

PDA coming from the LCX

27
Q

What are the landmarks for an infragluteal block?

A

Greater trochanter, ischial tuberosity and sciatic groove

Draw a line between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity and then a perpendicular line from that one

28
Q

Where does the supraspinous ligament run?

A

C7 to sacrum

29
Q

Where does interspinous ligament run?

A

In between the spines of the vertebrae

30
Q

Where does ligamentum flavum run?

A

C2 to sacrum connecting the lamina, getting thicker and wider as you go down.

31
Q

Where is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

The palatoglossal fold

32
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue, oropharynx to the epiglottis

33
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Internal branch: sensory from epiglottis to vocal cords

External: motor to cricothyroid - adduction

34
Q

What does recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Motor to all pharyngeal muscles except cricothyroid

Sensory to vocal cords down the trachea

35
Q

Where would you go to block the recurrent laryngeal?

A

Through the cricothyroid membrane with a transtracheal injection

36
Q

Where would you go to block the superior laryngeal?

A

Horn of the hyoid bone

Place a pledget in the pyriform sinus

37
Q

What supplies sensory to the posterior knee?

A

obturator nerve

38
Q

In the short axis view of the aortic valve, what structures can be seen?

A

left atrium right above aortic valve
RVOT below aortic valve
RA to the left of aortic valve

39
Q

Where is the radial nerve when looking on ultrasound around the axillary artery?

A

Posterior nerve in the axillary sheath closest to the humerus
In the 6:00 position in relation to the axillary artery

40
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve when looking on ultrasound around the axillary artery?

A

3:00 position in relation to the artery

Anteromedial

41
Q

Where is the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

In coracobrachialis deep to biceps brachii not in the axillary sheath

42
Q

What supplies the AV node?

A

RCA 80%

LCX 20%

43
Q

What structure in the heart does not depend on dominance for its blood supply?

A

SA node - supplied by RCA (55%) or LCX 45%

44
Q

What is the blood supply to the apical inferior segment of the apex?

A

PDA by RCA if right dominant
PDA by LCX if left dominant
Sometimes by LAD

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the apical anterior segment of the apex?

A

LAD

46
Q

Where does the dural sac end in adults?

A

S1-2

47
Q

Where does the dural sac end in newborns?

A

S3

48
Q

Where does conas medullaris end in newborns?

A

L3

49
Q

Where does the conas medullaris end in adults?

A

L1-2

50
Q

Why is caudal anesthesia preferred in babies and kids?

A

Less risk of spinal cord damage

51
Q

Where is the sacral space?

A

Between the sacral cornua and anterior to the sarcococcygeal ligament

52
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the oculocardiac reflec?

A

Afferent: V1 of trigeminal
Efferent: Vagus

Impulse travels on the long and short ciliary nerves to the ciliary ganglion above the optic nerve, then to the trigeminal ganglion via the trigeminal nerve and then synapses to efferent limb at the motor nucleus of vagus nerve in the reticular formation

53
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the pupillary reflex?

A

Afferent: optic nerve
Efferent: Oculomotor

54
Q

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the corneal reflex?

A

Afferent: V1
Efferent: Facial nerve

55
Q

Why is a peribulbar block safer than a retrobulbar block?

A

Because it is done further away from vital structures. Need a larger volume of local anesthetic because of this

56
Q

What nerve is spared by a lumbar plexus block?

A

Sciatic

57
Q

Where can the median nerve be blocked in the antecubital fossa?

A

Medial to the brachial artery

58
Q

Where can the radial nerve be found in the antecubital fossa?

A

lateral to the biceps tendon

59
Q

Which nerves are not involved for scalp block?

A

Greater auricular and third occipital

60
Q

Which 6 nerves are blocked for the scalp?

A

Supraorbital: forehead, anterior scalp and top of the head

  1. Supratrochlear: forehead + anterior scalp
  2. Zygomaticotemporal: temporalis
  3. Auriculotemporal
  4. Lesser occipital
  5. Greater occipital
61
Q

Which nerve is most likely to be injured in brachial artery cannulation for BP monitoring?

A

Median nerve

62
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral forearm, biceps, coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous

63
Q

What nerve is likely to be injured with brachial artery cannulation?

A

Median nerve

Anesthesia MM/TL (36 decks)

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