Anatomy Flashcards
Duodenal ulcer perforates which artery affected?
Gastroduodenal
What part of the pancreas is most commonly affected by cancer?
Head of pancreas
What is the true obstetric conjugate?
We can’t measure it so instead we palpate the diagonal one instead.
What is the smallest part of the pelvic canal where the baby must go through?
The interspinous distance in the mid pelvis. Typically exceeds 12cm
Pelvic inlet ?
Obstetric or Diagonal conjugate
Where do rectal cancers metastasise?
Below the pectinate line so Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Where do you do a pudendal block?
Palpate the ischial spine and below that
BPH is the result of enlargement of which lobe?
Median lobe
What is the ligament between the uterine tube and the ovaries
mesosalpinx
Can you cut the Ligament of ovary or the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
The Ligament of the ovary - connects it to the uterus. the suspensory ligament contains blood vessels from the posterior abdominal wall
What provides the passive support of the uterus? And the active support?
Passive - Cardinal Ligament
Active -
Testicular cancer drains to ______ nodes
para-aortic nodes
Cavernous spongiosum contains the urethra - T/F?
T
Bitemporal heminopia from ______ tumour….
Pituitary tumour
Fracture of the Clavicle are most likely to occur ______
middle third
The proximal humerous fractures posteriorly to the surgical neck - this can damage _______
the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery
If the coracoclavicular joint is damaged, the clavicle moves ____
upwards
Antero-inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint can damage which nerve?
________ Axillary nerve
Damage to the axillary nerve can lead to paralysis of _____ and _____. And loss of sensation at _____
Paralysis of Teres minor and Deltoid muscle. And loss of sensation at patch of shoulder.
What nerve and artery pass through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve and Posterior circumflex artery
What are the border’s of the quadrangular space?
Teres major - superior border
Teres minor - inferior border
medially - the long head of the triceps
Laterally - the surgical neck of the humerus
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
The two most superficial muscles of the shoulder are the ____ and ____
trapezoid and the deltoid
The Trapezius has two points of origin - C1-C7 and T1-T12. The superior origin attaches to the vertebral column through the ______-
ligamentum nuchae
Trapezius muscle functions to ___ , _____ and _____
elevate the shoulders (shrug), rotate scapula and extend to reach superiorly
The Trapezius is innervated by the ____
Accessory nerve
The deltoid acts to abduct the arm beyond ______
the initial 15 degrees of the supraspinatus
The Levator Scapulae (deep to the trapezius ) acts to elevate the scapula. It is innervated by ______
Dorsal Scapular nerve
The Rhomboid Minor/Major are innervated by which nerve?
Dorsal Scapular nerve
Damage to the Dorsal Scapular (C4/C5) nerve leads to ______
Winged scapula
The supraspinatus initiates ______
abduction to 15 degrees
The infraspinatus laterally rotates the ________
Humerus
The infraspinatus and spuraspinatus are both innervated by _______
Suprascapular nerve
The Teres minor acts to ________
Laterally rotate the humerus
The teres Major acts to medially rotate and ________ the humerus
Extend the humerus
The teres Major is supplied by the ________
Scapular nerve
The long head of the triceps brachii originates from the infraglenoid tubercle and inserts into the ______
Olecranon
The Suprascapular foramen is formed by the suprascapular notch and the superior transverse scapular ligament - which nerve passes through this space?
Suprascapular nerve
The Triangular interval acts as a passageway between the anterior and posterior compartment of the arm. Which artery and nerve pass through it?
The Radial nerve and Profunda brachii artery
What are the borders of the triangular interval?
Superiorly the teres minor,
laterally the long head of triceps
medially either the humerus or lateral head of triceps (controversial)
If there is sensory loss over the anterior thigh which nerve root is compressed?
L3
If there is sensory loss on the anterior aspect of knee which nerve root is compressed?
L4
if there is sensory loss of dorsum of foot which nerve root is compressed?
L5
If there is sensory loss of posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot which nerve root is compressed?
S1
Sensory innervation to the lateral part of the forearm is by _________ nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
The musculocutaneous nerve is responsible for __________ and ______
Elbow flexion and supination
Shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle) is supplied by ______
Axillary nerve
Humeral midshaft fracture can damage ______ nerve
Radial
Radial nerve palsy results in …
Wrist drop
Paralysis of thenar muscles and opponens pollicis is due to damage to ______ nerve
median
Loss of pronation of the forearm and weak wrist flexion is due to damage to ______ nerve
Median
Medial epicondyle fracture can damage _____ nerve
Ulnar nerve
Damage to the ulnar nerve can lead to _____ hand
Claw hand
Damage to this nerve results in winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve.
This nerve is injured during sport e.g. following a blow to the ribs. Also possible complication of mastectomy
Long thoracic nerve
Which nerve supplied the Serratus Anterior
Long Thoracic nerve
Erb-Duchenne palsy (Waiter’s tip) is due to damage to ________ trunk of the brachial plexus (C_, C_)
Damage to upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)
Which palsy? Arm hangs by the side and is internally rotated with elbow extended
Erb Duchenne Palsy
Klumpke injury is damage to the ______ trunk of the brachial plexus (C_, T_)
Lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)
Klumple Injury is commonly associated with ____ syndrome
Horner syndrome
What are the two common nerve injuries associated with Shoulder dystocia?
Klumpke injury and Erb-Duchenne Palsy
The LOAF muscles are affected by Carpel tunnel syndrome (Median nerve palsy) - what are they?
Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollis
Abductor pollis brevis
Flexor Pollis brevis
What passes through the triangular interval?
The radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
Quadrangular space syndrome occurs when hypertrophy of the muscle edges of the space impenge on the _____ nerve and lead to weakness of ___ muscle and atrophy of the _______ muscles
Axillary nerve –> weakness of deltoid muscle and atrophy of the teres minor muscle.
Winged scapula happens due to damage to the _______ nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Forearm is flexed by the ______ nerve as it supplies the_________ muscle
Musculocutaneous nerve supplies the biceps brachii muscle
Which nerve pierces and innervates the coracobrachialis muscle?
The musculocutaneous nerve
The axillary artery is divided into three parts by the Pec minor. The first part has one branch which is _____
Superior thoracic artery
The lateral thoracic and thoraco-acromal artery arise as branches from the _____part of the axillary artery and supply the ______
Second part - and supply the breast
The typical site for venous access is the ___________ of the anatomical snuffbox or the antecubital veins the _______
Cephalic vein in the snuffbox or the antecubital veins in the cubital fossa
A rapid decelleration injury can damage the upper thoracic region and cause fracture of the first rib –> this may compromise blood supply to the distal part of the ______ or the first part of the _____. However due to anastamosis the arm is rarely ischaemic.
Distal subclavian artery or first part of the axillary artery
Anterior dislocation of the humeral head may compromise _________ artery resulting in vessel occlusion. ________ may also be damaged.
Axillary artery and brachial plexus may also be damaged.
The Dorsal scapular nerve arises from the ____ root and pierces the ______ muscle to innervate the rhomboid major/minor
C5 root and pierces the scalene muscle to innervate the rhomboid major/minor
The long thoracic nerve originates from C_ to C_ and passes vertically down the neck of the humerus to supply the _______
C5 to C7 and supplies the Serratus anterior
The radial nerve innervates all muscles of the ________ compartment of the arm and forearm
Posterior
The biceps brachii reflex tests nerve root C_ and _____ nerve
C6 and musculocutaenous nerve
The three insertions of the triceps form the tendon and insert into the _____
Olecranon
Biceps brachii test for reflex __
C7
Shaft of the humerus fracture leads to damage to _____ nerve and may cause ___
Damage to Radial nerve and may cause wrist drop
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus can damage which artery?
Brachial artery
Increased pressure in the anterior compartment of the forearm can damage the brachial artery and prevent blood flow tot he deep flexors. This can cause muscle scarring and lead to _________ with flexion deformity of wrists ad fingers
Volkmann’s contracture
The snuffbox is crossed by which artery?
Radial artery