Anatomy 5: Urogenital Triangle Flashcards
4 boundaries of the pelvic outlet
- Ischiopubic rami
- Sacrotuberous ligaments
- Coccyx
- Pubic symphysis
2 divisions of the pelvic outlet
- Urogenital triangle
- Anal triangle
2 openings of the perineal membrane
- Urethral opening
- Vaginal opening
Define the perineal membrane
- A tough, thin sheet of fascia covering the UG triangular area.
- Dividing line between the deep perineal pouch and the superficial perineal pouch
Location of the deep perineal pouch
Superior to the perineal membrane
Location of the superficial perineal pouch
Inferior to the perineal membrane
Define the perineal body
Tendinous center of the perineum
Location of the perineal body (3 markers)
- Midpoint of the line drawn between the ischial tuberosities
- Posterior to the vestibule (opening) of the vagina or bulb of the penis
- Anterior to the anal canal
4 muscles attached to the perineal body
- Levator ani
- Superficial transverse perineal muscle
- Deep transverse perineal muscles
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
How may the perineal body be damaged and what may the consequence be?
- Due to difficult childbirth
- Injury –> potential prolapse of pelvic viscera if not repaired
Location of bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland (males)
Deep perineal pouch, piercing the perineal membrane to enter the penile urethra
Function of bulbourethral glands
Secrete pre-ejaculate to lubricate the urethra and neutralize traces of acidic urine
5 components of the deep perineal pouch (male)
- Bulbourethral gland/Cowper’s gland
- Perineal vessels and nerves
- Urethra (membranous part)
- Deep transverse perineal muscle
- External urethral sphincter
5 components of the deep perineal pouch (female)
- Perineal vessels and nerves
- Urethra (proximal part for females)
- Deep transverse perineal muscle
- Vagina
- External urethral sphincter muscle
8 components of the superficial perineal pouch (female)
- Body of clitoris containing corpora cavernosa
- Clitoris (glans)
- Crus of clitoris
- Urethral orifice
- Vaginal orifice
- Greater vestibular gland
- Bulb of vestibule
- Fourchette
Homologue in females to the bulbourethral glands of the male
Greater vestibular gland
Function of the greater vestibular gland
Secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina
6 erectile tissues and muscles of the superficial perineal pouch (female)
- Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Superficial transverse perineal muscle
- Crus of the clitoris
- Blub of the vestibule
- Levator ani
4 vessels of the neurovascular supply in the superficial perineal pouch (female)
- Perineal vessels
- Perineal nerves
- Internal pudendal artery and vein
- Pudendal nerve
4 erectile tissues and muscles of the superficial perineal pouch (male)
- Ischiocavernosis muscle
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Crus of the penis
- Bulb of the penis
Location of perineal vessels and nerves in males
Deep and superficial perineal pouches
Identify the 2 parts
- Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
Identify the 3 parts
- Ischiocavernosus muscle
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Crus
Identify the 3 parts
- Bulbospongiosus muscle
- Crus
- Bulb of the vestibule
3 divisions of the urethra (males) and their respective lengths
- Prostatic urethra (3 cm)
- Membranous urethra (1.25 cm)
- Penile (spongy) urethra (15 cm approx)
Location of the penile urethra
Enclosed by the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis
3 connective tissue layers of the penis body
- Tunica albuginea
- Buck`s fascia (deep fascia)
- Dartos fascia (superficial fascia)
Describe the blood supply of the penis
- Superficial dorsal veins between the Dartos and Buck fascias
- Deep dorsal vein, Dorsal artery and nerve between Buck`s fascia and tunica albuginea
- Deep arteries in the corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
9 layers of the scrotum from outermost to innermost
- Skin
- Dartos fascia and muscle
- External spermatic fascia (from external oblique)
- Cremaster muscle (from interal oblique)
- Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia)
- Tunica vaginalis – parietal
- Tunica vaginallis – cavity (peritoneum)
- Tunica vaginalis – visceral
- Tunica albuginea
4 male pelvis fascias
- Scarpa`s fascia
- Dartos fascia
- Colles fascia
- Buck`s fascia
Locatoin of scarpa’s fascia
Superficial fascia in the abdomen
Location of dartos fascia
Superficial fascia on the penis and scrotum
Location of Colles fascia
Superficial fascia in perineum
Location of Buck’s fascia
Deep fascia on the penis
