Anatomy 4: Pelvic Organs - Female Genital Organs and Peritoneal Reflections Flashcards
Label the 10 parts of this saggittal section
- Ureter
- Vas deferens
- Rectum
- Coccyx
- Anorectal junction
- Umbilical artery
- Ureteric orifice
- Bladder
- Pubic symphysis
- Prostatis urethra
Function of the urogenital hiatus
Trasmit the urethra and the vagina in females
What forms the fornices of the vagina?
The cervis pushes into the anteriorsuperior surface of the vagina –> fornices between itself and the walls of the vagina
Two shapes of the cervix
- Nulliparous
- Parous
Define flexion in terms of the uterus’s position and the normal position
Angle between the uterine body and cervix. Normal = anteflexed
NOTE: Angle 1 in the diagram
Define version in terms of the uterine position and its normal position
Angle between the cervical canal and the vagina. Normal = anteverted.
NOTE: Angle 2 in the diagram
4 axes of the female reproductive system
- Longitudinal uterine axis
- Longitudinal cervical axis
- Longitudinal body axis
- Longitudinal vaginal axis
Define anteflexion
THe uterine body is flexed or bent anteriorly relative to the cervix
Define anteversion
The cervis and uterus are tipped anteriosuperiorly relative to the axis of the vagina
4 parts of the uterus
- Fundus
- Body
- Isthmus
- Cervix
3 layers of the uterine wall
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
3 parts of the cervix
- Internal os
- Cervical canal
- External os
Most common tumors of the female genital tract
Fibroids (40% of women have by the age of 40)
Define fibroids
Noncancerous (benign) growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. In most cases there is more than one fibroid in the uterus
Fibroid effects
Do not always cause symptoms, but their size and location can cause pain and heavy bleeding
Who gets fibroids?
- May be genetic predisposition
- Increased incidence in certain ethnic and racial groups
- Predisposition in some families
2 muscular supports of the uterus
- Levator ani and its fascia
- Perineal body (in perineum)
3 ligaments of the endopelvis fascia supporting the uterus
- Sacrocervical ligaments
- transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
- Pubocervical ligaments
3 types of support for the uterus
- Muscular support
- Endopelvis fascia
- Broad ligament and its associated structures such as the round ligament of the uterus
Function and location of the sacrocervical ligaments
- Attach the cervis and upper end of the vagina to the lower end of the sacrum
- In the uterosacral fold
Function of the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments
- Attach the cervix and upper end of the vagina to the lateral pelvic walls
- Contain the uterine and vaginal vessels
Function of the pubocervical ligaments
Attach the cervix to the pubic bones
What occurs if the support for the uterus becomes stretched and lax?
The cervix may descend, for varying degrees, into the vagina or even into the vestibule
5 parts of the fallopian tube
- Fimbrae
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
- Intramural
Usual site of fertilization
Ampulla
4 functions of the fallopian tube
- Transport eggs from ovary to uterus
- Site of fertilization of eggs by sperm
- Transports dividing zygote to uterine cavity
- Provides nourishment for the zygote
Position of the fallopian tube
Upper border of the broad ligament
Percentage of pregnancies that are ectopic
2%
Most common (95%) location of ectopic gestations
WIthin the Fallopian tubes (see red arrows)
Ectopic pregnancy that is rare (1.4%) but live births can occur
Abdominal pregnancy
Location of the ovarian artery and vein
In the suspensory ligament of the ovary
3 parts of the broad ligament
- Mesosalpinx
- Mesovarium
- Mesometrium
Define the broad ligament
two layers of the ligament sheet on either side of the uterus
Relationship of the ovary to the broad ligament
Attachd to the back side of the posterior layer of the broad ligament by its own mesothelium called the mesovarium
Ligament on the medial side of the ovary to the uterus
Round ligament of the ovary (or ovarian ligament)
Describe the trajectory of the round ligament of the uterus
- Extends from the uterus near where the ovarian ligament joins the uterus
- Goes through the inguinal canal to the labia major
What did the round ligament of the uterus and the ovarian ligament form?
A core of tissue that was the gubernaculum in development (in a male, this would have pulled the gonad from inside the body through the inguinal canal to the scrotum along with the gonadal vessels
8 female peritoneal reflections
- Anterior abdominal wall
- Superior to the pubic bone
- Superior surface of the bladder
- Vesicouterine pouch*
- Over the fundus and down the posterior surface of the uterus
- Rectouterine pouch*
- Anterior and lateral surfaces of the superior 1/3 of the rectum
- Onto the posterior pelvic wall and posterior to the sigmoid colon to form the sigmoid mesocolon (in the abdominal cavity)
Define the vesicouterine pouch
Periotoneal reflection on the superior surface of bladder then onto the anterior surface of the uterus (4)
Define the rectouterine pouch
Pouch of Douglas – peritoneal reflection that is on the posterior fornix of the vagina then onto the anterior surface of the middle 1/3 of the rectum (6)
8 male peritoneal reflections
- Anterior abdominal wall
- Superior to the pubic bone
- Superior surface of the bladder
- Posterior surface of the bladder
- Over the superior ends of the seminal vesicles
- Rectovesical pouch*
- Anterior and lateral surfaces of the superior 1/3 of the rectum
- Onto the posterior pelvic wall and posterior to the sigmoid colon to form the sigmoid mesocolon (in abdominal cavity)
Define the rectovesical pouch
Peritoneal reflection that includes the back of the bladder and over the seminal vesicles and then onto the anterior surface of the middle 1/3 of the rectum (6)
