Anatomy Flashcards
What are the wings of the nose called?
Ala
What is the dent between septum and upper lip called?
Philtrum (of upper lip)
From the facial aspect - what part of ethmoid bone can be seen?
Perpendicular plate
Name the 2 parts of ethmoid bone that make up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribiform plate and crista galli (peak)
Name the 2 parts of ethmoid bone which make up the lateral wall of nasal cavity?
Superior and middle conchae
Name the part of ethmoid bone which makes up the septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone (+vomer)
What Le Fort fractures can disrupt the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?
2 and 3. This leads to danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa
What is at the back of the lateral wall of right nasal cavity?
Palatine bone
What mucosa does the vestibule have?
Keratinised stratified squamous epitheliium
What mucosa does the middle and superior conchae area have?
Respiratory epithelium
In relation to CN1 Olfactory - what pass through the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone, in olfactory mucosa and are the first neurones in chain?
Receptor cells
What is the olfactory bulb and what is it made of?
Ganglion - cell bodies of 2nd neurones
Where does the olfactory tract end?
In temporal lobe
Is the olfactory area on both the lateral wall and the septum?
Yes
What nerve supplies the anterosuperior part of nasal cavity?
Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)
What nerve supplies the posteroinferior part of nasal cavity?
Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)
What branch of the opthalmic nerve supplies the snterosuperior part of lateral wall and septum?
Nasociliary
What branch of the maxillary nerve supplies the posteroinferior part of lateral wall and septum?
Nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves
What two arteries branch from external carotid to supply the nasal cavity?
Facial and maxillary
What artery branch from internal carotid supplies the nasal cavity?
Opthalmic
What two arteries branch off the opthalmic artery to supply the nasal cavity?
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
What two arteries branch off the maxillary artery to supply the nasal cavities?
Sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
What artery branches off facial artery to supply the nasal cavity?
Lateral nasal branch of facial or septal branch of superior labial artery
What is Kiesselbach’s area?
An arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum. A common site of epistaxis.
What four arteries make up Kiesselbach’s area?
LEGS
Labial, Ethmoidal, greater palatine and sphenopalatine
Is the inferior conchae part of the ethmoid bone?
NO
What is hte floor of the nasal cavity formed from?
Left and right maxillae and palatine bones (posteriorly)
What allows draiange of mucus from the paranasal sinuses?
Ostia - holes in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral walls
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air filled spaces within bones
Where does the frontal sinus drain to?
The middle meatus
Where do the ethmoidal cells drain to?
Superior and middle meatuses
Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where does the maxillary sinus drain into?
Middle meatus
What does the lacrimal gland produce?
Tears
Where do tears drain?
Nasolacrimal duct
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to?
Inferior meatus of nasal cavity
What sinus is predisposed to inflammation?
Maxillary sinus
What might extraction of a tooth result in?
Oro-antral fistula
What function do organs of the temporal bone do?
Hearing and balance - special sensory
What nerves does the temporal bone contain?
Facial 7
Vestibulocochlear 8
What is the pterion (suture)?
The thinnest part of the skull
What are the two parts of the temporal bone?
Squamous - more anterosuperior
Petrous - more posteroinferior
What is the name of the hole in the lateral side of petrous part of temporal bone?
External acoustic meatus
What cranial nerves are damaged in a base of skull fracture involving the temporal bone?
7 and 8
What three bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
What two bones make up middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid and temporal
What is the foramen for the olfactory nerve?
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
What nerve goes through the optic canal?
Optic nerve II
What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
III, IV, Va and VI
What foramen does Vb go through?
Foramen rotundum
What foramen does Vc go through
Foramen ovale
What nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?
VII and VIII
What cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?
IX, X and XI
What goes through hypoglossal canal?
XII
What part of the ear involves the auricle to tympanic membrane?
External ear
How does the external ear connect with the middle ear?
Through external acoustic meatus
What part of the ear collects and conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane (ear drum)?
External ear
What part of the ear is between the tympanic membrane and oval window?
Middle ear and eutachian tube
What part of the ear amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear?
Middle ear
What does the internal ear run between?
Oval window to internal acoustic meatus (VII and VIII)
What part of the ear converts special sensory information into fluid waves, APs and conducts APs to brain?
Internal ear
What tract seperates the squamous part of temporal bone from petrous part?
External acoustic meatus
What does the external acoustic meatus produce?
Earwax via ceruminous glands
What is the top of the ear called?
Helix
What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the superior parts of EAM and most of the tympanic membrane?
CN V3 (mandibular)
What nerve gives general sensory nerve supply to the inferior parts of EAM and tympanic membrane?
CN X (vagus)
Where does lymph drain from lateral surface of superior half of auricle?
Parotid lymph nodes
Where does lymph from cranial surface of superior half of auricle drain?
Mastoid lymph nodes (and deep cervical)
Where does lymph from the rest of auricle invluding the lobe drain?
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain?
Deep cervical lymph node (in carotid sheath), then thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and finally the venous angle
How do you examine the ear of a child (EAM is short and straight)?
Pull auricle posteroinferiorly
How do you exmine the ear of an adult (EAM is curved)?
Pull auricle posterosuperiorly
What is the name of the most inwardly depressed part of tympanic membrane?
Umbo
What is the name of the thin part of the tympanic membrane superiorly?
Pars flaccida
What is the name of the thick part of the tympanic membrane posteroinferiorly?
Pars tensa
What nerve supplies the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
Mostly CN V3 (auriculotemporal branch)
What nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
CN IX
What nerve supplies the middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils?
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
What connects the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?
Eustachian tube
What nerve supplies sensory function to laryngopharynx?
Vagus CN X
What is the name of the group of bones in the middle ear and how do they articulate?
Auditory ossicles via synovial joints
Name the three auditory ossicles?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
What is the name of the space superior to hte tympanic membrane?
Epitympanic recess
Where does the base (footplate) of the stapes fit into?
The oval window
What does the handle of the malleus (adherent to the internal aspect of the tympanic membrane create)?
The umbo
What is the name of the doorway into the mastoid antrum from the epitympanic recess?
Aditus
What three tracts does the facial nerve go down?
Internal acoustic meatus, facial canal of petrous temporal bone (connects IAM and stylomastoid foramen) and stylomastoid foramen
What branch of the facial nerve supplies taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
Chorda tympani
What is the name of the smallest skeletal muscle in the body - supplied by the facial nerve?
stapedius
What is the role of the small skeletal muscle stapedius?
Reduces stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise
What does the chorda tympani (branch of CN VII) connect to?
Lingual nerve branch of CN V3
the CN VII parasympathetic axons supply what?
Submandibular and salivary gland
What is the name of the forehead muscle?
Frontalis
How is the muscles of facial expression tested?
By asking patient to frown, close eyes, smile and puff out cheeks
What are the two parts of CN VIII?
Cochlear - hearing
Vestibular - balance
Where does the dense otic capsule sit?
In temporal bone
What does the bony labrynth inside the otic capsule contain?
Perilymph and endolypmh
What is the name of the apex of spiral in otic capsule?
Cupula (part of cochlea)
What nerve conducts APs from the cochlear duct in the internal ear?
Cochlear nerve
What nerve conducts APs from the semicircular ducts in the internal ear?
Vestibular nerve
Where do cranial nerves 7 and 8 connect with the brainstem?
At junction between pons and medulla
What nerve is damaged if there is reduced general sensation in the auricle immediately posterior to the tragus?
Facial nerve
