Anatomy Flashcards
What is the mandible
Jaw bones (upper+lower)
Clavicle
Collar bone
3 bones/materials that make up chest
Sternum, rib cage, cartilage
Bone at the tip of the sternum
Xiphoid process
Back bone
Spine
Arm bones from shoulder to fingertips
Scapula, humerus, radius(thumb side), ulna(pinkie side), carples(wrist), metacarpals(palms), phalanges(fingers)
Leg and knee bones from hip to tips of toes
Pelvis, femur, patella, tibia(shin), fibula(smaller,outside), tarsles(ankle), metatarsles(foot), phalanges(toes)
The skeleton protects the ___________ of the body
Organs
Immovable joints in the ….. (1)
Skull
Ball and socket joints in the ….. (2)
Shoulder and hip
Pivot joints in the …. (2)
Neck and backbone
Partially moveable joints in the ….(1)
Backbone
Hinge joints in the ….(2)
Knee and elbow
Gliding joints in the ….(3)
Ankle, wrist and neck
Pivot joints
Rotates side to side
Ball and socket joints
Moves all around
Gliding joints
Moves up and down and side to side
Hinge joints
Bends and straightens
Immovable joints
Fused together and no longer move
Partially moveable
Allow slight movements in all directions
Freely moveable
Include pivot, hinge, ball and socket, and gliding joints
3 main types of joints
Immovable, partially moveable, and freely moveable
Anterior/posterior
Front/back
Superior/inferior
Above/below
Lateral/medial
Towards the outside/ towards the inside
Cruciate/Delta/Ceps
Cross/triangle/heads
Bi/tri/quad
Two/three/four
Minimus/ Maximus/
Smallest/biggest
Jobs done by the kidneys
Removes excess organic molecules
Removal of waste products of metabolism(urine=urea)
Regulation of electrolytes and blood pressure
Filters blood
Job done by the bladder
Collects urine excreted by the kidneys
Spleen
Removes old red blood cells
Holds a reserve for blood
What is the cranium
Skull
Use for muscles
Only pull
Usually arranged in antagonistic pairs around a joint
Growth is called hypertrophy
Loss is called atrophe
The 3 ways muscles can be named
1) shape (deltoid-shoulder)
2) location ( biceps femoris((drachii)- leg)
3) function (extensor digitorum Longus- fingers and toes)
Lungs
Transport oxygen
Release carbon dioxide from blood stream and into the atmosphere
Thin walled air sacs called alveoli
Brain
Excert centralized control over other organs
Generates patterns of muscle activity
Drives the secretion of hormones (chemicals)
Heart
Muscular organ
Pumps blood through the the body
Provides oxygen and nutrients
Removes metabolic waste
Liver
Part of digestive system
Gets rid of toxins
Breaks down proteins to make energy
Produces biochemical a necessary for digestion
Tendons
Attaches muscle to bone
Bursa
A liquid filled sac that prevents friction
Ligaments
Attaches bone to bone
Bones
Where they meet a joint is formed
Type is determined by the movement needed
itis = _____________?
Inflammation
Three types of muscles
Cardiac, smooth and skeletal
Skeletal muscles
Made up of tiny bundles of fibres that help the body move
More than 600 different
Cardiac muscles
Make the heart beat or pump
Smooth muscles
Help move food along the digestive track
Muscles are either _____ or ________ and are controlled by the _____ system
Voluntary or involuntary/nervous
Voluntary muscles
Work when you decide to do something like walk or talk
Involuntary muscles
Involuntary muscle work automatically like the heart
Blood goes through the left ventricle and is pumped through it up _________ to all parts of the body
Aorta
Veins
Go to the heart
Artery
Goes from the heart
Blood __________ into the right ventricle
Empties
Deltoid muscle
Flat and powerful muscle that is located on the back of each shoulder
Brachialis
A long muscle that helps move the forearm
Biceps
Two headed muscle found at the front of the arm
Triceps
A muscle underneath the upper arm
Leg muscles
They are strong because they are constantly pushing against the pull of gravity to help the body stay standing
Lower leg muscles (calves)
Help balance the body, walk, run, jump and dance. Many in this area act upon either the hip and knee joints or the knee and ankle joints
Major anterior muscles from head to toe
Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectorals Obliques (abs) Biceps (brachii) Abdominals (abs) Quadriceps
Major posterior muscles from head to toe
Trapezius Deltoid (back) Triceps Latissimus dorsi Hamstrings Gluteous Maximus Gastricnemius (calf) Achilles' tendon
Outside ankle bone
Lateral maleolus
Inside ankle bone
Medial maleolus
