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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Klumpkes palsy

A

Injury is to the lower part of the brachial plexus, particularly affecting the T1 nerve root. As a result, all of the intrinsic muscles of the hand are affected. Unopposed action of the long wrist flexors and extensors can produce a claw hand appearance with flexed IP joints and extended MCP joints.

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2
Q

Boundaries of quadrangular space

A

Sup- teres minor
Inf- teres major
Lat- humerus
Med- Long head triceps

Contents - axillary N and post circumflex

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3
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

Screw the lawyer, save the patient

Superior thoracic -1 part
Thoracoacromial-2
Lateral thoracic -2
Sub scapular -3
Anterior and posterior humeral -3
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4
Q

Supply of adductor polices

A

Ulnar nerve

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5
Q

Contents of guyons canal

A

Ulnar nerve and artery

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6
Q

Long thoracic nerve of bell

A

Serratus ant

C5/6/7

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7
Q

Dorsal scapular N

A

Levator scapularis

C5

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8
Q

Thotacodorsal N

A

Lattisimus dorsi

C567

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9
Q

Nerve branches from brachial plexus and their supply

A

Long thoracic nerve of Bell C5, 6, 7 Serratus anterior

Dorsal scapular nerve C5 Levator scapular and the rhomboids

Nerve to subclavius C5, 6 Subclavius

Suprascapular nerve C5, 6 Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

Lateral pectoral nerve C5, 6 Pectoralis major

Upper subscapular nerve C5, 6 Subscapularis

Lower subscapular nerve C5, 6 Subscapularis and teres major

Thoracodorsal nerve C5, 6, 7 Latissimus dorsi

Medial pectoral nerve C8, T1 Pectoralis major and minor

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10
Q

Layers pierced in subclavian line insertion

A

1cm below the junction of middle and medial 3rd of clavicle

Skin, platysma, fascia, pec Maj, subclavius

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11
Q

Ideal location of tip of the catheter

A

Should lie in the superior venacava, above the pericardial reflection

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12
Q

Structures at risk of damage during subclavian line insertion

A

Pleura
Subclavian artery
Thoracic duct on the left
Phrenic N behind the subclavian V

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13
Q

Inner action of visceral pleura

A

Pulmonary plexus

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14
Q

Inner action of pectorals major

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves from medial and lateral cords

Pectoralis major’s clavicular head (C5 and C6) flexes the humerus, whilst its sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1) extends the humerus.

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15
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Lateral thoracic artery -main
Internal mammary
Posterior intercostals
Thoracoacromial

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16
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A 
The posterior mediastinum contains 
the descending aorta; 
the azygos and hemiazygos veins; 
the vagus nerve; 
thoracic duct; 
oesophagus and 
lymphatics.
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17
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Lateral thoracic artery -main
Internal mammary
Posterior intercostals
Thoracoacromial

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18
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A 
The posterior mediastinum contains 
the descending aorta; 
the azygos and hemiazygos veins; 
the vagus nerve; 
thoracic duct; 
oesophagus and 
lymphatics.
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19
Q

Marginal artery of Drummond

A

Anastomosis between Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

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20
Q

Nerve supply of rectum

A

Nervi erigentes - S1/2/3 provides parasympathetic supply- sensation of fullness and cause Bowel contraction and relaxing the internal sphincter

Sympathetic - superior hypo gastric plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves - transmit pain and contract internal sphincter

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21
Q

Horners syndrome

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Anhydrosis
Exophthalmos

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22
Q

Contents of the optic canal

A

Optic N and dura
Sympathetics
Ophthalmic artery

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23
Q

Contents of the foramen magnum

A 
Spinal cord/medulla and dura
Spinal part of accessory N 
Vertebral, ant and post spinal A
Tectorial membrane 
Apical ligament of dens
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24
Q

Contents of jugular foramen

A

Pars nervosa -9/10/11 cranial nerves

Pars venosa- internal jugular vein

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25
Branches of facial nerve witching facial canal
Greater Petrosal N N to stapedius Chorda tympani Auricular branch
26
Contents of he superior orbital fissure
Nerves - ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - lacrimal,frontal,nasociliary branches - trochlear - oculomotor - abducent Ophthalmic vein Branch of MMA and lacrimal A
27
Structures through the foramen ovale
Mandibular N Accessory meningeal artery Lesser Petrosal
28
Foramen spinosum contents
MMA
29
Muscles contributing to the medial longitudinal arch
Flexor digits rum long us and brevis Tibialis ant and post Flexor hallucis longus
30
Ligaments of the medial longitudinal arch of foot
Interosseus | Spring ligament
31
components of medial longitudinal arch
bones: calcaneum,talus,navicular,cuneiforms, 1st 3 metatarsals ligaments: spring and interosseous ligament muscles: flexor hallucis longus, digitorum longus and brevis, tibialis ant and post.
32
components of lateral longitudinal arch
bones: calcaneum, cuboid,lateral 2 metatarsals ligaments: long and short plantar ligament muscles: peroneus longus; flexor digitorum longus and brevis
33
components of the transverse arcg
bones: 5 metatarsals ligaments: interosseous muscles: peroneus lungus
34
arteries forming plantar arch
lateral plantar br of the posterior tibial and deep plantar br of dorsalis pedis
35
L5 nerve root - motor action
lift great toe off the ground
36
muscles of post compartment of the forearm
(1) Superficial - extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti minimi (2) Deep - abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis and supinator.
37
muscles of ant compartment of forearm
(1) Superficial - Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris (from flexor origin of medial epicondyle crossing the elbow joint) (2) Deep - flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus (originate in forearm)
38
forearm fasciotomy incisions
Volar incision - along ulna border Dorsal incision - from lateral epicondyle of humerus to mid-wrist
39
functions of FDP and FDS
FDS attaches to base of proximal IPJ | FDP attaches to base of distal IPJ
40
guyon's canal boundaries
medially bounded by the pisiform and pisohamate ligament on the ulnar side, and the hook of the hamate on the radial side
41
venous drainage of the heart
``` 2/3rd goes into right atrium via - great - middle - small cardiac veins - oblique vein and - posterior vein 3-4 ant cardiac veins drain into right atrium remaining drain via venae cordis minimae directly ```
42
garden's classification of humeral neck fractures
Type I: Stable fracture with valgus impaction Type II: Non displaced, complete fracture Type III: Displaced fracture with maintenance of ‘end to end’ contact between the two bony fractures Type IV: Completely displaced fracture with no contact between bony fragments.
43
blood supply of the hip joint
medial and lateral circumflex - from the profunda femoris | artery of ligamentum teres from the obturator artery
44
muscles attached to the lesser trochanter
iliopsoas
45
origin of psoas major
deep part - transverse process of L1-4 | superficial part from lateral surfaces of T12-L4
46
Vessels exiting the greater sciatic foramen
above pyriformis - superior gluteal vessels | below pyriformis - inferior gluteal vessles
47
anatomy of exiting of sciatic nerve form pelvis
usually behind the pyriforis
48
muscles attached to the lesser tuberosity of humerus
subscapularis
49
muscles attached to the greater tuberosity of humerus
supraspinatous infraspinatous teres minor
50
origin of long head of biceps
supraglenoid tubercle of scalpula
51
attachment of pec major, lat dorsi and teres major
"lady between 2 majors" pec major laterally and teres major medially, lat dorsi in between
52
muscles supplied by axillary nerves
deltoid teres minor and ?long head of triceps
53
muscles suppplied by musculocutaneous N
biceps brachialis coracobrachialis "BBC"
54
muscles originating from coracoid process
short head biceps | coracobrachialis
55
sensory supply of musculocut N (C5/6)
cont as lat cut nerve of forearm
56
structures liable for damage during knee surgery - anteromedial approach
saphenous N great saphenous V geniculate arteries
57
obturator N - roots
L2/3/4 posterior roots ant roots form the fem N
58
structures of the popliteal fossa
superficial to deep:- - common peroneal and tibial N - popliteal V - popliteal A
59
boundaries of popliteal fossa
supero lat - biceps femoris | supero med - semi membranous/semitendinosus
60
terrible triad of knee injury
medial meniscus | ACL and MCL injuries
61
courvoisier's law
Courvoisier's Law states that when there is obstructive jaundice and a palpable gallbladder, gallstones are not the cause.
62
kehr's sign
right shoulder tip pain in inflammed gall bladder
63
contents of caval opening of diaphragm
T8 | IVC and branches of phrenic nerve
64
contents of esophageal opening
T10 | ant and post vagal trunks
65
contents of aortic opening in diaphragm
aorta azygous V thoracic duct
66
layers of deep fascia of neck
4 layers - carotid sheath - pre vertebral fascia - pretracheal fascia - investing layer of deep cervical fascia
67
space of burns
suprasternal space - between superficial and deep layers of inferior attachment of deep cervical fascia
68
contents of pretracheal fascia
trachea oesophagus thyroid gland
69
contents of carotid sheath
carotid art int jug V vagus N wall contains ansa cervicalis
70
stylohyoid innervated by?
facial N
71
strap muscles are supplied by the
ansa cervicalis
72
Blood supply of Esophagus
Upper 1/3- Inf thyroid Middle 1/3- thoracic descending aorta Lower 1/3- left gastric and phrenic A
73
Angle of HIS
Esophagus-gastric angle
74
Pathophysiology of achalasia
Maldevelopment of my enteric plexus of Esophagus
75
Contents of inferior orbital fissure
Infra orbital and zygomatic branches of maxillary N Inf ophthalmic V Branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
76
age of closure of fontanelles
18-24 months
77
structures that pass through the foramen lacerum
artery and nerve of lacerum canal carotid artery through a part of lacerum
78
origin of basillar art
at junciton of pons and medulla
79
what type of joints is intervertebral joint
secondary fibrocartilaginous joint
80
root value for ankle jerk
S1/2
81
root value of knee jerk
L3/4
82
root value of biceps reflex
C5/6
83
root value of triceps reflex
C7

MRCS (3 decks)

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