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MRCS > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Klumpkes palsy

A

Injury is to the lower part of the brachial plexus, particularly affecting the T1 nerve root. As a result, all of the intrinsic muscles of the hand are affected. Unopposed action of the long wrist flexors and extensors can produce a claw hand appearance with flexed IP joints and extended MCP joints.

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2
Q

Boundaries of quadrangular space

A

Sup- teres minor
Inf- teres major
Lat- humerus
Med- Long head triceps

Contents - axillary N and post circumflex

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3
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

Screw the lawyer, save the patient

Superior thoracic -1 part
Thoracoacromial-2
Lateral thoracic -2
Sub scapular -3
Anterior and posterior humeral -3
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4
Q

Supply of adductor polices

A

Ulnar nerve

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5
Q

Contents of guyons canal

A

Ulnar nerve and artery

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6
Q

Long thoracic nerve of bell

A

Serratus ant

C5/6/7

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7
Q

Dorsal scapular N

A

Levator scapularis

C5

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8
Q

Thotacodorsal N

A

Lattisimus dorsi

C567

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9
Q

Nerve branches from brachial plexus and their supply

A

Long thoracic nerve of Bell C5, 6, 7 Serratus anterior

Dorsal scapular nerve C5 Levator scapular and the rhomboids

Nerve to subclavius C5, 6 Subclavius

Suprascapular nerve C5, 6 Supraspinatus, infraspinatus

Lateral pectoral nerve C5, 6 Pectoralis major

Upper subscapular nerve C5, 6 Subscapularis

Lower subscapular nerve C5, 6 Subscapularis and teres major

Thoracodorsal nerve C5, 6, 7 Latissimus dorsi

Medial pectoral nerve C8, T1 Pectoralis major and minor

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10
Q

Layers pierced in subclavian line insertion

A

1cm below the junction of middle and medial 3rd of clavicle

Skin, platysma, fascia, pec Maj, subclavius

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11
Q

Ideal location of tip of the catheter

A

Should lie in the superior venacava, above the pericardial reflection

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12
Q

Structures at risk of damage during subclavian line insertion

A

Pleura
Subclavian artery
Thoracic duct on the left
Phrenic N behind the subclavian V

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13
Q

Inner action of visceral pleura

A

Pulmonary plexus

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14
Q

Inner action of pectorals major

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves from medial and lateral cords

Pectoralis major’s clavicular head (C5 and C6) flexes the humerus, whilst its sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1) extends the humerus.

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15
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Lateral thoracic artery -main
Internal mammary
Posterior intercostals
Thoracoacromial

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16
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A 
The posterior mediastinum contains 
the descending aorta; 
the azygos and hemiazygos veins; 
the vagus nerve; 
thoracic duct; 
oesophagus and 
lymphatics.
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17
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Lateral thoracic artery -main
Internal mammary
Posterior intercostals
Thoracoacromial

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18
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A 
The posterior mediastinum contains 
the descending aorta; 
the azygos and hemiazygos veins; 
the vagus nerve; 
thoracic duct; 
oesophagus and 
lymphatics.
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19
Q

Marginal artery of Drummond

A

Anastomosis between Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

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20
Q

Nerve supply of rectum

A

Nervi erigentes - S1/2/3 provides parasympathetic supply- sensation of fullness and cause Bowel contraction and relaxing the internal sphincter

Sympathetic - superior hypo gastric plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves - transmit pain and contract internal sphincter

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21
Q

Horners syndrome

A

Ptosis
Miosis
Anhydrosis
Exophthalmos

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22
Q

Contents of the optic canal

A

Optic N and dura
Sympathetics
Ophthalmic artery

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23
Q

Contents of the foramen magnum

A 
Spinal cord/medulla and dura
Spinal part of accessory N 
Vertebral, ant and post spinal A
Tectorial membrane 
Apical ligament of dens
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24
Q

Contents of jugular foramen

A

Pars nervosa -9/10/11 cranial nerves

Pars venosa- internal jugular vein

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25
Q

Branches of facial nerve witching facial canal

A

Greater Petrosal N
N to stapedius
Chorda tympani
Auricular branch

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26
Q

Contents of he superior orbital fissure

A

Nerves

  • ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve - lacrimal,frontal,nasociliary branches
  • trochlear
  • oculomotor
  • abducent

Ophthalmic vein
Branch of MMA and lacrimal A

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27
Q

Structures through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular N
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser Petrosal

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28
Q

Foramen spinosum contents

A

MMA

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29
Q

Muscles contributing to the medial longitudinal arch

A

Flexor digits rum long us and brevis
Tibialis ant and post
Flexor hallucis longus

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30
Q

Ligaments of the medial longitudinal arch of foot

A

Interosseus

Spring ligament

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31
Q

components of medial longitudinal arch

A

bones: calcaneum,talus,navicular,cuneiforms, 1st 3 metatarsals
ligaments: spring and interosseous ligament
muscles: flexor hallucis longus, digitorum longus and brevis, tibialis ant and post.

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32
Q

components of lateral longitudinal arch

A

bones: calcaneum, cuboid,lateral 2 metatarsals
ligaments: long and short plantar ligament
muscles: peroneus longus; flexor digitorum longus and brevis

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33
Q

components of the transverse arcg

A

bones: 5 metatarsals
ligaments: interosseous
muscles: peroneus lungus

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34
Q

arteries forming plantar arch

A

lateral plantar br of the posterior tibial and deep plantar br of dorsalis pedis

35
Q

L5 nerve root - motor action

A

lift great toe off the ground

36
Q

muscles of post compartment of the forearm

A

(1) Superficial - extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti minimi
(2) Deep - abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis and supinator.

37
Q

muscles of ant compartment of forearm

A

(1) Superficial - Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris (from flexor origin of medial epicondyle crossing the elbow joint)
(2) Deep - flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus (originate in forearm)

38
Q

forearm fasciotomy incisions

A

Volar incision - along ulna border

Dorsal incision - from lateral epicondyle of humerus to mid-wrist

39
Q

functions of FDP and FDS

A

FDS attaches to base of proximal IPJ

FDP attaches to base of distal IPJ

40
Q

guyon’s canal boundaries

A

medially bounded by the pisiform and pisohamate ligament on the ulnar side, and the hook of the hamate on the radial side

41
Q

venous drainage of the heart

A 
2/3rd goes into right atrium via 
- great
- middle 
- small cardiac veins 
- oblique vein and 
- posterior vein 
3-4 ant cardiac veins drain into right atrium 
remaining drain via venae cordis minimae directly
42
Q

garden’s classification of humeral neck fractures

A

Type I: Stable fracture with valgus impaction
Type II: Non displaced, complete fracture
Type III: Displaced fracture with maintenance of ‘end to end’ contact between the two bony fractures
Type IV: Completely displaced fracture with no contact between bony fragments.

43
Q

blood supply of the hip joint

A

medial and lateral circumflex - from the profunda femoris

artery of ligamentum teres from the obturator artery

44
Q

muscles attached to the lesser trochanter

A

iliopsoas

45
Q

origin of psoas major

A

deep part - transverse process of L1-4

superficial part from lateral surfaces of T12-L4

46
Q

Vessels exiting the greater sciatic foramen

A

above pyriformis - superior gluteal vessels

below pyriformis - inferior gluteal vessles

47
Q

anatomy of exiting of sciatic nerve form pelvis

A

usually behind the pyriforis

48
Q

muscles attached to the lesser tuberosity of humerus

A

subscapularis

49
Q

muscles attached to the greater tuberosity of humerus

A

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor

50
Q

origin of long head of biceps

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scalpula

51
Q

attachment of pec major, lat dorsi and teres major

A

“lady between 2 majors”

pec major laterally and teres major medially, lat dorsi in between

52
Q

muscles supplied by axillary nerves

A

deltoid
teres minor and
?long head of triceps

53
Q

muscles suppplied by musculocutaneous N

A

biceps
brachialis
coracobrachialis

“BBC”

54
Q

muscles originating from coracoid process

A

short head biceps

coracobrachialis

55
Q

sensory supply of musculocut N (C5/6)

A

cont as lat cut nerve of forearm

56
Q

structures liable for damage during knee surgery - anteromedial approach

A

saphenous N
great saphenous V
geniculate arteries

57
Q

obturator N - roots

A

L2/3/4 posterior roots

ant roots form the fem N

58
Q

structures of the popliteal fossa

A

superficial to deep:-

  • common peroneal and tibial N
  • popliteal V
  • popliteal A
59
Q

boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

supero lat - biceps femoris

supero med - semi membranous/semitendinosus

60
Q

terrible triad of knee injury

A

medial meniscus

ACL and MCL injuries

61
Q

courvoisier’s law

A

Courvoisier’s Law states that when there is obstructive jaundice and a palpable gallbladder, gallstones are not the cause.

62
Q

kehr’s sign

A

right shoulder tip pain in inflammed gall bladder

63
Q

contents of caval opening of diaphragm

A

T8

IVC and branches of phrenic nerve

64
Q

contents of esophageal opening

A

T10

ant and post vagal trunks

65
Q

contents of aortic opening in diaphragm

A

aorta
azygous V
thoracic duct

66
Q

layers of deep fascia of neck

A

4 layers

  • carotid sheath
  • pre vertebral fascia
  • pretracheal fascia
  • investing layer of deep cervical fascia
67
Q

space of burns

A

suprasternal space - between superficial and deep layers of inferior attachment of deep cervical fascia

68
Q

contents of pretracheal fascia

A

trachea
oesophagus
thyroid gland

69
Q

contents of carotid sheath

A

carotid art
int jug V
vagus N

wall contains ansa cervicalis

70
Q

stylohyoid innervated by?

A

facial N

71
Q

strap muscles are supplied by the

A

ansa cervicalis

72
Q

Blood supply of Esophagus

A

Upper 1/3- Inf thyroid
Middle 1/3- thoracic descending aorta
Lower 1/3- left gastric and phrenic A

73
Q

Angle of HIS

A

Esophagus-gastric angle

74
Q

Pathophysiology of achalasia

A

Maldevelopment of my enteric plexus of Esophagus

75
Q

Contents of inferior orbital fissure

A

Infra orbital and zygomatic branches of maxillary N
Inf ophthalmic V
Branches of pterygopalatine ganglion

76
Q

age of closure of fontanelles

A

18-24 months

77
Q

structures that pass through the foramen lacerum

A

artery and nerve of lacerum canal

carotid artery through a part of lacerum

78
Q

origin of basillar art

A

at junciton of pons and medulla

79
Q

what type of joints is intervertebral joint

A

secondary fibrocartilaginous joint

80
Q

root value for ankle jerk

A

S1/2

81
Q

root value of knee jerk

A

L3/4

82
Q

root value of biceps reflex

A

C5/6

83
Q

root value of triceps reflex

A

C7

MRCS (3 decks)

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